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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: TOMASELLO, Francesco; ALAFACI, Concetta; ANGILERI, Filippo; CONTI, Alfredo; +1 Authors

    Preoperative cortical mapping is increasingly recogni-zed as a fundamental procedure for better planning thesurgical treatment of brain tumors. Brain mapping hel-ps the definition of skull opening, access route, andextent of tumor resection. Brain tumors can actuallydistort the normal functional anatomy of the cortex bydisplacing functional areas or inducing its plastic chan-ge. When this occurs in the area of the motor cortex,preoperative mapping of this functional area is impera-tive to minimize the risk of damaging motor function bysurgical intervention.Different technologies are currently available to per-form a pre-operative identification of functional brainareas. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) isprobably the most commonly used technique. It worksby indirectly measuring metabolic (brain oxygen level)changes during a specific task. Positron emission tomo-graphy (PET likewise measures cerebral blood flow,oxygen or glucose consumption of brain areas duringpatient performance of tasks. Bot PET and fMRI have agood spatial resolution, but a low temporal resolutionand brain tumors may cause metabolic changes thatmay blur the identification of functional hypermetabo-lic areas. Electroencephalography has also been usedfor preoperative mapping, with the limitation of aninsufficient spatial resolution. Magneto-encephalo-graphy (MEG) detects magnetic fields generated bycortical activity during patient movement and has goodspatial and temporal resolution, but is a costly and notvery diffuse technique. Furthermore, all these techno-logies require the voluntary performance of a task withdifferent problems of standardization.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is anelectrophysiological technique developed for the inve-stigation of human cortical functions. A rapidly chan-ging magnetic field induces a weak electric current byelectromagnetic induction; this can stimulate specificor general parts of the brain with minimal discomfort.Single or paired pulse TMS makes neurons in the neo-cortex under the site of stimulation to depolarize anddischarge an action potential. If used in the motor cor-tex, it produces an involuntary muscle response, na-mely a motor evoked potential (MEP), which can berecorded by electromyogram (EMG) and direct obser-vation. This can be done in real time, namely with thehighest temporal resolution. Furthermore, the deve-lopment of focally stimulating coils allowed the gain ofhigh spatial resolution.Navigated brain stimulation (NBS) is a combination ofTMS with 3-D MRI and computer analysis using a neuro-navigation system, to provide feedback on the exactposition of maximal stimulation. NBS offers differentadvantages for brain mapping over conventional tech-nologies including the fact that it does not passivelyrecord brain activity during voluntary patient move-ments. Instead, NBS actively stimulates the patient’smotor cortex recording EMG changes.Few clinical studies are currently available; they haveshown that preoperative NBS mapping of the motorcortex in brain tumor patients is consistent with preo-perative fMRI mapping and intraoperative direct corti-cal stimulation (DCS). Here we reviewed our experiencein pre-operative brain mapping using NBS and NBScombined with subcortical tractography and direct cor-tical and subcortical stimulation in patients with braintumors including gliomas and metastases.Surgical planning was obtained taking into considera-tion several factors including tumor size and depth,proximity to vessels, proximity to motor and other elo-quent areas, and its presumed histology. Furthermore,to determine the extent of resection and surgical stra-tegies, clinical and demographic characteristics of pa-tients were considered, including age, comorbidities,life expectancy, and personal abilities and preferences.Our preliminary data showed that the NBS had a clearimpact on the planning and surgery by changing theapproach, the planned extent of resection, or even theindications altogether. NBS allowed a precise mapping of the motor cortex andthe visualization of its spatial relationship to the tumor.Finally, comparison with DCS confirmed the spatial reliabi-lity of the pre-surgical brain mapping using NBS

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: COVELLI V; JIRILLO E; BIONDI M;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: TOMASELLO, Francesco;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Beretta, I; Grandi, E; CITERIO, GIUSEPPE; CORMIO, MANUELA; +1 Authors

    To understand the complex physiopathology of post-traumatic brain damage is important to have data on epidemiology, clinical course, monitoring, effect of therapy and outcomes. In 1997 3 neuro-intensive care units in the Milan metropolitan area developed a computer assisted database named Neuro-Link (NL) for collection of information on head injury. All head injured patients requiring intensive care during the first 24 hours post-trauma were eligible. The data collection form was designed for use with a computer interface to cover: 1) general, previous and admission data; 2) secondary insults and complication; 3) CT scan and monitoring data; 4) outcome data. Two different data collections were performed: 1) NL domestic (data from 3 centres from 1997); 2) NL 18 centres (3 month survey of Italian centres with interest in neurotrauma care). An audit of the data was performed. NL domestic included 1 085 patients from 1997 to 2002. NL 18 centres included 282 patients in the 3 month period. Audit is performed on 35 000 data per year. A large number of good quality information on head injury patients is now available. The database is useful for: 1) production of information; 2) base for prospective studies.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Bardozzo F.; Delli Priscoli M.; Russo A. G.; Crescenzi D.; +3 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rzechorzek, Nina M; Thrippleton, Michael J; Chappell, Francesca M; Mair, Grant; +6 Authors

    Abstract Patients undergo interventions to achieve a ‘normal’ brain temperature; a parameter that remains undefined for humans. The profound sensitivity of neuronal function to temperature implies the brain should be isothermal, but observations from patients and non-human primates suggest significant spatiotemporal variation. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of brain temperature in patients by establishing how much it varies in healthy adults. We retrospectively screened data for all patients recruited to the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) High Resolution Intensive Care Unit Sub-Study. Only patients with direct brain temperature measurements and without targeted temperature management were included. To interpret patient analyses, we prospectively recruited 40 healthy adults (20 males, 20 females, 20–40 years) for brain thermometry using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were scanned in the morning, afternoon, and late evening of a single day. In patients (n = 114), brain temperature ranged from 32.6 to 42.3°C and mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.8°C) exceeded body temperature (37.5 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.0001). Of 100 patients eligible for brain temperature rhythm analysis, 25 displayed a daily rhythm, and the brain temperature range decreased in older patients (P = 0.018). In healthy participants, brain temperature ranged from 36.1 to 40.9°C; mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.4°C) exceeded oral temperature (36.0 ± 0.5°C) and was 0.36°C higher in luteal females relative to follicular females and males (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Temperature increased with age, most notably in deep brain regions (0.6°C over 20 years, P = 0.0002), and varied spatially by 2.41 ± 0.46°C with highest temperatures in the thalamus. Brain temperature varied by time of day, especially in deep regions (0.86°C, P = 0.0001), and was lowest at night. From the healthy data we built HEATWAVE—a 4D map of human brain temperature. Testing the clinical relevance of HEATWAVE in patients, we found that lack of a daily brain temperature rhythm increased the odds of death in intensive care 21-fold (P = 0.016), whilst absolute temperature maxima or minima did not predict outcome. A warmer mean brain temperature was associated with survival (P = 0.035), however, and ageing by 10 years increased the odds of death 11-fold (P = 0.0002). Human brain temperature is higher and varies more than previously assumed—by age, sex, menstrual cycle, brain region, and time of day. This has major implications for temperature monitoring and management, with daily brain temperature rhythmicity emerging as one of the strongest single predictors of survival after brain injury. We conclude that daily rhythmic brain temperature variation—not absolute brain temperature—is one way in which human brain physiology may be distinguished from pathophysiology.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ BOA - Bicocca Open A...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Apollo
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Apollo
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Brain
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    Brain
    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ BOA - Bicocca Open A...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Brain
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Manzoni D.; Catrambone V.; Valenza G.;

    Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates analysis provides a sequence of topographies representing the scalp-related electric field over time, and each microstate is synthetically represented by a symbol. Despite recent advances on functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) assessment, to our knowledge no methodology takes EEG microstates into account to relate the causal heartbeat dynamics. Moreover, standard BHI methods are tailored to a single EEG-channel analysis, neglecting the comprehensive information associated with a multichannel cluster or a whole-brain activity. To overcome these limitations, we devised a novel methodological frame-work for the assessment of functional BHI that exploits the symbolic representation of both EEG microstates and heart rate variability (HRV) series. Directional BHI quantification is then performed through Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) and Transfer Entropy. The proposed methodology is here preliminarily tested on a dataset gathered from healthy subjects undergoing a resting state and a mental arithmetic task. Except for the KLD in the from-brain-to-heart direction, all other estimates showed significant differences between the two experimental conditions. We conclude that the proposed frame-work may promisingly provide novel insights on brain-heart phenomena through a whole-brain symbolic representation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48...
    Conference object . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: STM Policy #29
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48...
      Conference object . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: STM Policy #29
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    Authors: TOSI, Giovanni; BONDIOLI, Lucia; RUOZI, Barbara; Andreas Grabrucker; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Pietrini, Pietro;
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    Authors: Singh N.; Veronese M.; O'Doherty J.; Sementa T.; +7 Authors
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: TOMASELLO, Francesco; ALAFACI, Concetta; ANGILERI, Filippo; CONTI, Alfredo; +1 Authors

    Preoperative cortical mapping is increasingly recogni-zed as a fundamental procedure for better planning thesurgical treatment of brain tumors. Brain mapping hel-ps the definition of skull opening, access route, andextent of tumor resection. Brain tumors can actuallydistort the normal functional anatomy of the cortex bydisplacing functional areas or inducing its plastic chan-ge. When this occurs in the area of the motor cortex,preoperative mapping of this functional area is impera-tive to minimize the risk of damaging motor function bysurgical intervention.Different technologies are currently available to per-form a pre-operative identification of functional brainareas. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) isprobably the most commonly used technique. It worksby indirectly measuring metabolic (brain oxygen level)changes during a specific task. Positron emission tomo-graphy (PET likewise measures cerebral blood flow,oxygen or glucose consumption of brain areas duringpatient performance of tasks. Bot PET and fMRI have agood spatial resolution, but a low temporal resolutionand brain tumors may cause metabolic changes thatmay blur the identification of functional hypermetabo-lic areas. Electroencephalography has also been usedfor preoperative mapping, with the limitation of aninsufficient spatial resolution. Magneto-encephalo-graphy (MEG) detects magnetic fields generated bycortical activity during patient movement and has goodspatial and temporal resolution, but is a costly and notvery diffuse technique. Furthermore, all these techno-logies require the voluntary performance of a task withdifferent problems of standardization.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is anelectrophysiological technique developed for the inve-stigation of human cortical functions. A rapidly chan-ging magnetic field induces a weak electric current byelectromagnetic induction; this can stimulate specificor general parts of the brain with minimal discomfort.Single or paired pulse TMS makes neurons in the neo-cortex under the site of stimulation to depolarize anddischarge an action potential. If used in the motor cor-tex, it produces an involuntary muscle response, na-mely a motor evoked potential (MEP), which can berecorded by electromyogram (EMG) and direct obser-vation. This can be done in real time, namely with thehighest temporal resolution. Furthermore, the deve-lopment of focally stimulating coils allowed the gain ofhigh spatial resolution.Navigated brain stimulation (NBS) is a combination ofTMS with 3-D MRI and computer analysis using a neuro-navigation system, to provide feedback on the exactposition of maximal stimulation. NBS offers differentadvantages for brain mapping over conventional tech-nologies including the fact that it does not passivelyrecord brain activity during voluntary patient move-ments. Instead, NBS actively stimulates the patient’smotor cortex recording EMG changes.Few clinical studies are currently available; they haveshown that preoperative NBS mapping of the motorcortex in brain tumor patients is consistent with preo-perative fMRI mapping and intraoperative direct corti-cal stimulation (DCS). Here we reviewed our experiencein pre-operative brain mapping using NBS and NBScombined with subcortical tractography and direct cor-tical and subcortical stimulation in patients with braintumors including gliomas and metastases.Surgical planning was obtained taking into considera-tion several factors including tumor size and depth,proximity to vessels, proximity to motor and other elo-quent areas, and its presumed histology. Furthermore,to determine the extent of resection and surgical stra-tegies, clinical and demographic characteristics of pa-tients were considered, including age, comorbidities,life expectancy, and personal abilities and preferences.Our preliminary data showed that the NBS had a clearimpact on the planning and surgery by changing theapproach, the planned extent of resection, or even theindications altogether. NBS allowed a precise mapping of the motor cortex andthe visualization of its spatial relationship to the tumor.Finally, comparison with DCS confirmed the spatial reliabi-lity of the pre-surgical brain mapping using NBS

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: COVELLI V; JIRILLO E; BIONDI M;
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: TOMASELLO, Francesco;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Beretta, I; Grandi, E; CITERIO, GIUSEPPE; CORMIO, MANUELA; +1 Authors

    To understand the complex physiopathology of post-traumatic brain damage is important to have data on epidemiology, clinical course, monitoring, effect of therapy and outcomes. In 1997 3 neuro-intensive care units in the Milan metropolitan area developed a computer assisted database named Neuro-Link (NL) for collection of information on head injury. All head injured patients requiring intensive care during the first 24 hours post-trauma were eligible. The data collection form was designed for use with a computer interface to cover: 1) general, previous and admission data; 2) secondary insults and complication; 3) CT scan and monitoring data; 4) outcome data. Two different data collections were performed: 1) NL domestic (data from 3 centres from 1997); 2) NL 18 centres (3 month survey of Italian centres with interest in neurotrauma care). An audit of the data was performed. NL domestic included 1 085 patients from 1997 to 2002. NL 18 centres included 282 patients in the 3 month period. Audit is performed on 35 000 data per year. A large number of good quality information on head injury patients is now available. The database is useful for: 1) production of information; 2) base for prospective studies.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Bardozzo F.; Delli Priscoli M.; Russo A. G.; Crescenzi D.; +3 Authors
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    Authors: Rzechorzek, Nina M; Thrippleton, Michael J; Chappell, Francesca M; Mair, Grant; +6 Authors

    Abstract Patients undergo interventions to achieve a ‘normal’ brain temperature; a parameter that remains undefined for humans. The profound sensitivity of neuronal function to temperature implies the brain should be isothermal, but observations from patients and non-human primates suggest significant spatiotemporal variation. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of brain temperature in patients by establishing how much it varies in healthy adults. We retrospectively screened data for all patients recruited to the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) High Resolution Intensive Care Unit Sub-Study. Only patients with direct brain temperature measurements and without targeted temperature management were included. To interpret patient analyses, we prospectively recruited 40 healthy adults (20 males, 20 females, 20–40 years) for brain thermometry using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were scanned in the morning, afternoon, and late evening of a single day. In patients (n = 114), brain temperature ranged from 32.6 to 42.3°C and mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.8°C) exceeded body temperature (37.5 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.0001). Of 100 patients eligible for brain temperature rhythm analysis, 25 displayed a daily rhythm, and the brain temperature range decreased in older patients (P = 0.018). In healthy participants, brain temperature ranged from 36.1 to 40.9°C; mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.4°C) exceeded oral temperature (36.0 ± 0.5°C) and was 0.36°C higher in luteal females relative to follicular females and males (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Temperature increased with age, most notably in deep brain regions (0.6°C over 20 years, P = 0.0002), and varied spatially by 2.41 ± 0.46°C with highest temperatures in the thalamus. Brain temperature varied by time of day, especially in deep regions (0.86°C, P = 0.0001), and was lowest at night. From the healthy data we built HEATWAVE—a 4D map of human brain temperature. Testing the clinical relevance of HEATWAVE in patients, we found that lack of a daily brain temperature rhythm increased the odds of death in intensive care 21-fold (P = 0.016), whilst absolute temperature maxima or minima did not predict outcome. A warmer mean brain temperature was associated with survival (P = 0.035), however, and ageing by 10 years increased the odds of death 11-fold (P = 0.0002). Human brain temperature is higher and varies more than previously assumed—by age, sex, menstrual cycle, brain region, and time of day. This has major implications for temperature monitoring and management, with daily brain temperature rhythmicity emerging as one of the strongest single predictors of survival after brain injury. We conclude that daily rhythmic brain temperature variation—not absolute brain temperature—is one way in which human brain physiology may be distinguished from pathophysiology.

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    Apollo
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Apollo
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Brain
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    Brain
    Article . 2021
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      Apollo
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
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      Apollo
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY
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      Brain
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Brain
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Manzoni D.; Catrambone V.; Valenza G.;

    Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates analysis provides a sequence of topographies representing the scalp-related electric field over time, and each microstate is synthetically represented by a symbol. Despite recent advances on functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) assessment, to our knowledge no methodology takes EEG microstates into account to relate the causal heartbeat dynamics. Moreover, standard BHI methods are tailored to a single EEG-channel analysis, neglecting the comprehensive information associated with a multichannel cluster or a whole-brain activity. To overcome these limitations, we devised a novel methodological frame-work for the assessment of functional BHI that exploits the symbolic representation of both EEG microstates and heart rate variability (HRV) series. Directional BHI quantification is then performed through Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) and Transfer Entropy. The proposed methodology is here preliminarily tested on a dataset gathered from healthy subjects undergoing a resting state and a mental arithmetic task. Except for the KLD in the from-brain-to-heart direction, all other estimates showed significant differences between the two experimental conditions. We conclude that the proposed frame-work may promisingly provide novel insights on brain-heart phenomena through a whole-brain symbolic representation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48...
    Conference object . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48...
      Conference object . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: TOSI, Giovanni; BONDIOLI, Lucia; RUOZI, Barbara; Andreas Grabrucker; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Pietrini, Pietro;
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    Authors: Singh N.; Veronese M.; O'Doherty J.; Sementa T.; +7 Authors
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