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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anuvab Dey; Subhrojyoti Ghosh; Tiyasa Bhuniya; Madhurima Koley; +8 Authors

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ACS Chemical Neurosc...arrow_drop_down
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    ACS Chemical Neuroscience
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ACS Chemical Neurosc...arrow_drop_down
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      ACS Chemical Neuroscience
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: R A, KRYNAUW; C, JACKSON;

    IN a preliminary communication1, one of us (C. J.) reported how, by following up indications that gliomas of the domestic fowl arise as foci of chronic inflammation and appear to be a response to the presence of some irritant influence, he was led to the demonstration of a parasitic agent associated with the lesions of glioma and encephalitis in this species. Bodies (A, B, C and D) were described and illustrated which were claimed to be phases of a pleomorphic parasite, while others (E) were strongly suspected, and still others considered possibly to represent further phases. In glioma and in chronic disseminated encephalitis, it was the C and D bodies that were especially demonstrated, while the A and B bodies tended to be more characteristic of purulent encephalitis.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Naturearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature
    Article . 1948 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    Nature
    Article . 1948
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Naturearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Nature
      Article . 1948 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1948
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: S M, Kola; P, Kumar; Y E, Choonara; L C, du Toit; +1 Authors

    Abstract Neurovascular conditions are disorders associated with the blood vessels of the brain that are extremely difficult to treat successfully due to the selectivity and fastidious nature of the blood- brain barrier. Consequently, the efficacy of the pharmacological treatments for these conditions are greatly reduced thereby resulting in large amounts of neurovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Platelets are an important component of blood that actively respond to neurovascular distress in the body. Recent research has proven the effectiveness of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, during circumstances where the body naturally elicits a platelet response. This hypothesis highlights the theoretical use of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for the treatment of two neurovascular conditions; glioblastoma multiforme and ischemic stroke. The success of the hypothesised system may lead to the development of a novel and extremely necessary delivery mechanism.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Medical Hypothesesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Medical Hypotheses
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Medical Hypothesesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Medical Hypotheses
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Randall M. Chesnut; Sergio Aguilera; Andras Buki; Eileen M. Bulger; +38 Authors

    BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) consist of high-quality evidence reports, but they are no longer accompanied by management protocols, as these require expert opinion to bridge the gap between published evidence and patient care. We aimed to establish a modern sTBI protocol for adult patients with both intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen monitors in place. METHODS: Our consensus working group consisted of 42 experienced and actively practicing sTBI opinion leaders from six continents. Having previously established a protocol for the treatment of patients with ICP monitoring alone, we addressed patients who have a brain oxygen monitor in addition to an ICP monitor. The management protocols were developed through a Delphi-method-based consensus approach and were finalized at an in-person meeting. RESULTS: We established three distinct treatment protocols, each with three tiers whereby higher tiers involve therapies with higher risk. One protocol addresses the management of ICP elevation when brain oxygenation is normal. A second addresses management of brain hypoxia with normal ICP. The third protocol addresses the situation when both intracranial hypertension and brain hypoxia are present. The panel considered issues pertaining to blood transfusion and ventilator management when designing the different algorithms. CONCLUSIONS: These protocols are intended to assist clinicians in the management of patients with both ICP and brain oxygen monitors but they do not reflect either a standard-of-care or a substitute for thoughtful individualized management. These protocols should be used in conjunction with recommendations for basic care, management of critical neuroworsening and weaning treatment recently published in conjunction with the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference. ispartof: INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE vol:46 issue:5 pages:919-929 ispartof: location:United States status: published

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Lirias
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: Lirias
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Intensive Care Medicine
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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY NC
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Intensive Care Medicine
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Lirias
      Article . 2020
      Data sources: Lirias
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      Intensive Care Medicine
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      Serveur académique lausannois
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY NC
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      Intensive Care Medicine
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Andres M, Rubiano; Anthony, Figaji; Gregory W, Hawryluk;

    Purpose of review The aim of this study was to provide an overview on advances in intracranial pressure (ICP) protocols for care, moving from traditional to more recent concepts. Recent findings Deep understanding of mechanics and dynamics of fluids and solids have been introduced for intracranial physiology. The amplitude or the harmonics of the cerebral-spinal fluid and the cerebral blood waves shows more information about ICP than just a numeric threshold. When the ICP overcome the compensatory mechanisms that maintain the compliance within the skull, an intracranial compartment syndrome (ICCS) is defined. Autoregulation monitoring emerge as critical tool to recognize CPP management. Measurement of brain tissue oxygen will be a critical intervention for diagnosing an ICCS. Surgical procedures focused on increasing the physiological compliance and increasing the volume of the compartments of the skull. Summary ICP management is a complex task, moving far than numeric thresholds for activation of interventions. The interactions of intracranial elements requires new interpretations moving beyond classical theories. Most of the traditional clinical studies supporting ICP management are not generating high class evidence. Recommendations for ICP management requires better designed clinical studies using new concepts to generate interventions according to the new era of personalized medicine.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Amélie Beaudet;

    Evolutionary history of the human brain appears more complex than thought

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sciencearrow_drop_down
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    Science
    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sciencearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Science
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Mark R. Antrobus; Jon Brazier; Peter C. Callus; Adam J. Herbert; +11 Authors

    Due to the high-velocity collision-based nature of elite rugby league and union, the risk of sustaining a concussion is high. Occurrence of and outcomes following a concussion are probably affected by the interaction of multiple genes in a polygenic manner. This study investigated whether suspected concussion-associated polygenic profiles of elite rugby athletes differed from non-athletes and between rugby union forwards and backs. We hypothesised that a total genotype score (TGS) using eight concussion-associated polymorphisms would be higher in elite rugby athletes than non-athletes, indicating selection for protection against incurring or suffering prolonged effects of, concussion in the relatively high-risk environment of competitive rugby. In addition, multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to identify genetic interactions. Contrary to our hypothesis, TGS did not differ between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes (p ≥ 0.065), nor between rugby union forwards and backs (p = 0.668). Accordingly, the TGS could not discriminate between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes (AUC ~0.5), suggesting that, for the eight polymorphisms investigated, elite rugby athletes do not have a more ‘preferable’ concussion-associated polygenic profile than non-athletes. However, the COMT (rs4680) and MAPT (rs10445337) GC allele combination was more common in rugby athletes (31.7%; p p COMT (rs4680) and MAPT (rs10445337) assists rugby athletes in achieving elite status. These findings need exploration vis-à-vis sport-related concussion injury data and could have implications for the management of inter-individual differences in concussion risk.

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    Genes
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    OpenUCT
    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    OpenUCT
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      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Article . 2022
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      Genes
      Article . 2022
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      OpenUCT
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Wesselink, Daan B.; Sanders, Zeena-Britt; Edmondson, Laura R.; Dempsey-Jones, Harriet; +7 Authors

    Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand’s fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map. Using pharmacological single-finger nerve block and 7-tesla neuroimaging, we first replicated previous accounts (electrophysiological and other) of local S1 remapping. Local blocking also triggered activity changes to nonblocked fingers across the entire hand area. Using methods exploiting interfinger representational overlap, however, we also show that the blocked finger representation remained persistent despite input loss. Computational modeling suggests that both local stability and global reorganization are driven by distributed processing underlying the topographic map, combined with homeostatic mechanisms. Our findings reveal complex interfinger representational features that play a key role in brain (re)organization, beyond (re)mapping.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UCL Discoveryarrow_drop_down
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2022
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    Science Advances
    Article . 2022
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    Science Advances
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Scholarship@Western
    Other literature type . 2022
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      UCL Discovery
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      Science Advances
      Article . 2022
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      Science Advances
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Scholarship@Western
      Other literature type . 2022
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    Authors: Ethan B. Ludmir; Anita Mahajan; Verity Ahern; TV Ajithkumar; +47 Authors
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    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: A. M. Richards; D. I. Graham; Ross Bullock;

    Forty-three women with neurological complications secondary to eclampsia or severe pre-eclampsia were studied by CT scanning and in six intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was carried out. In seven women who died, neuropathological findings were correlated with clinical features. Cerebral oedema was present in 27 of the patients studied and the severity of oedema correlated to the duration of intermittent seizures. In five of the six women who had ICP measured, this was found to be transiently high. Intracranial haemorrhage was demonstrated in four of the 43 women, all of whom died. Hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral damage and fibrinoid necrosis were the most important neuropathological lesions identified. The management of neurological complications of eclampsia may be placed upon a more rational basis by an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these lesions.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 1988
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 1988
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      Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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      Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
      Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anuvab Dey; Subhrojyoti Ghosh; Tiyasa Bhuniya; Madhurima Koley; +8 Authors

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.

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    ACS Chemical Neuroscience
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      ACS Chemical Neuroscience
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: R A, KRYNAUW; C, JACKSON;

    IN a preliminary communication1, one of us (C. J.) reported how, by following up indications that gliomas of the domestic fowl arise as foci of chronic inflammation and appear to be a response to the presence of some irritant influence, he was led to the demonstration of a parasitic agent associated with the lesions of glioma and encephalitis in this species. Bodies (A, B, C and D) were described and illustrated which were claimed to be phases of a pleomorphic parasite, while others (E) were strongly suspected, and still others considered possibly to represent further phases. In glioma and in chronic disseminated encephalitis, it was the C and D bodies that were especially demonstrated, while the A and B bodies tended to be more characteristic of purulent encephalitis.

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    Nature
    Article . 1948 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 1948
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      Nature
      Article . 1948 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: S M, Kola; P, Kumar; Y E, Choonara; L C, du Toit; +1 Authors

    Abstract Neurovascular conditions are disorders associated with the blood vessels of the brain that are extremely difficult to treat successfully due to the selectivity and fastidious nature of the blood- brain barrier. Consequently, the efficacy of the pharmacological treatments for these conditions are greatly reduced thereby resulting in large amounts of neurovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Platelets are an important component of blood that actively respond to neurovascular distress in the body. Recent research has proven the effectiveness of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, during circumstances where the body naturally elicits a platelet response. This hypothesis highlights the theoretical use of platelets as drug delivery vehicles, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for the treatment of two neurovascular conditions; glioblastoma multiforme and ischemic stroke. The success of the hypothesised system may lead to the development of a novel and extremely necessary delivery mechanism.

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    Medical Hypotheses
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Medical Hypotheses
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Randall M. Chesnut; Sergio Aguilera; Andras Buki; Eileen M. Bulger; +38 Authors

    BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) consist of high-quality evidence reports, but they are no longer accompanied by management protocols, as these require expert opinion to bridge the gap between published evidence and patient care. We aimed to establish a modern sTBI protocol for adult patients with both intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen monitors in place. METHODS: Our consensus working group consisted of 42 experienced and actively practicing sTBI opinion leaders from six continents. Having previously established a protocol for the treatment of patients with ICP monitoring alone, we addressed patients who have a brain oxygen monitor in addition to an ICP monitor. The management protocols were developed through a Delphi-method-based consensus approach and were finalized at an in-person meeting. RESULTS: We established three distinct treatment protocols, each with three tiers whereby higher tiers involve therapies with higher risk. One protocol addresses the management of ICP elevation when brain oxygenation is normal. A second addresses management of brain hypoxia with normal ICP. The third protocol addresses the situation when both intracranial hypertension and brain hypoxia are present. The panel considered issues pertaining to blood transfusion and ventilator management when designing the different algorithms. CONCLUSIONS: These protocols are intended to assist clinicians in the management of patients with both ICP and brain oxygen monitors but they do not reflect either a standard-of-care or a substitute for thoughtful individualized management. These protocols should be used in conjunction with recommendations for basic care, management of critical neuroworsening and weaning treatment recently published in conjunction with the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference. ispartof: INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE vol:46 issue:5 pages:919-929 ispartof: location:United States status: published

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    Lirias
    Article . 2020
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    Intensive Care Medicine
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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2020
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    Intensive Care Medicine
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Lirias
      Article . 2020
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      Intensive Care Medicine
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      Serveur académique lausannois
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY NC
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      Intensive Care Medicine
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Andres M, Rubiano; Anthony, Figaji; Gregory W, Hawryluk;

    Purpose of review The aim of this study was to provide an overview on advances in intracranial pressure (ICP) protocols for care, moving from traditional to more recent concepts. Recent findings Deep understanding of mechanics and dynamics of fluids and solids have been introduced for intracranial physiology. The amplitude or the harmonics of the cerebral-spinal fluid and the cerebral blood waves shows more information about ICP than just a numeric threshold. When the ICP overcome the compensatory mechanisms that maintain the compliance within the skull, an intracranial compartment syndrome (ICCS) is defined. Autoregulation monitoring emerge as critical tool to recognize CPP management. Measurement of brain tissue oxygen will be a critical intervention for diagnosing an ICCS. Surgical procedures focused on increasing the physiological compliance and increasing the volume of the compartments of the skull. Summary ICP management is a complex task, moving far than numeric thresholds for activation of interventions. The interactions of intracranial elements requires new interpretations moving beyond classical theories. Most of the traditional clinical studies supporting ICP management are not generating high class evidence. Recommendations for ICP management requires better designed clinical studies using new concepts to generate interventions according to the new era of personalized medicine.

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    Authors: Amélie Beaudet;

    Evolutionary history of the human brain appears more complex than thought

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    Science
    Article . 2021
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Mark R. Antrobus; Jon Brazier; Peter C. Callus; Adam J. Herbert; +11 Authors

    Due to the high-velocity collision-based nature of elite rugby league and union, the risk of sustaining a concussion is high. Occurrence of and outcomes following a concussion are probably affected by the interaction of multiple genes in a polygenic manner. This study investigated whether suspected concussion-associated polygenic profiles of elite rugby athletes differed from non-athletes and between rugby union forwards and backs. We hypothesised that a total genotype score (TGS) using eight concussion-associated polymorphisms would be higher in elite rugby athletes than non-athletes, indicating selection for protection against incurring or suffering prolonged effects of, concussion in the relatively high-risk environment of competitive rugby. In addition, multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to identify genetic interactions. Contrary to our hypothesis, TGS did not differ between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes (p ≥ 0.065), nor between rugby union forwards and backs (p = 0.668). Accordingly, the TGS could not discriminate between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes (AUC ~0.5), suggesting that, for the eight polymorphisms investigated, elite rugby athletes do not have a more ‘preferable’ concussion-associated polygenic profile than non-athletes. However, the COMT (rs4680) and MAPT (rs10445337) GC allele combination was more common in rugby athletes (31.7%; p p COMT (rs4680) and MAPT (rs10445337) assists rugby athletes in achieving elite status. These findings need exploration vis-à-vis sport-related concussion injury data and could have implications for the management of inter-individual differences in concussion risk.

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    Genes
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2022
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    Genes
    Article . 2022
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    OpenUCT
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggre...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Genes
      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      OpenUCT
      Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2022
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      Genes
      Article . 2022
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      OpenUCT
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Wesselink, Daan B.; Sanders, Zeena-Britt; Edmondson, Laura R.; Dempsey-Jones, Harriet; +7 Authors

    Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand’s fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map. Using pharmacological single-finger nerve block and 7-tesla neuroimaging, we first replicated previous accounts (electrophysiological and other) of local S1 remapping. Local blocking also triggered activity changes to nonblocked fingers across the entire hand area. Using methods exploiting interfinger representational overlap, however, we also show that the blocked finger representation remained persistent despite input loss. Computational modeling suggests that both local stability and global reorganization are driven by distributed processing underlying the topographic map, combined with homeostatic mechanisms. Our findings reveal complex interfinger representational features that play a key role in brain (re)organization, beyond (re)mapping.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UCL Discoveryarrow_drop_down
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: UCL Discovery
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    Science Advances
    Article . 2022
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    Science Advances
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Scholarship@Western
    Other literature type . 2022
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      UCL Discovery
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      Science Advances
      Article . 2022
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      Science Advances
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Scholarship@Western
      Other literature type . 2022
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    Authors: Ethan B. Ludmir; Anita Mahajan; Verity Ahern; TV Ajithkumar; +47 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universitätsbibliogr...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
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    Authors: A. M. Richards; D. I. Graham; Ross Bullock;

    Forty-three women with neurological complications secondary to eclampsia or severe pre-eclampsia were studied by CT scanning and in six intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was carried out. In seven women who died, neuropathological findings were correlated with clinical features. Cerebral oedema was present in 27 of the patients studied and the severity of oedema correlated to the duration of intermittent seizures. In five of the six women who had ICP measured, this was found to be transiently high. Intracranial haemorrhage was demonstrated in four of the 43 women, all of whom died. Hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral damage and fibrinoid necrosis were the most important neuropathological lesions identified. The management of neurological complications of eclampsia may be placed upon a more rational basis by an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these lesions.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 1988
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 1988
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      Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
      Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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