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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Yoder, Keith; Kulkarni, Richa; Gozal, David; +1 Authors

    BACKGROUND Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with neurocognitive deficits. However, the neural substrates underlying such deficits remain unknown. METHODS To examine executive control and emotional processing in OSA, 10 children age 7 to 11 y with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA and 7 age- and sex-matched controls underwent a color-word Stroop task and an empathy task consisting of dynamic visual scenarios depicting interpersonal harm or neutral actions in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Functional MRI data were processed using MATLAB 7.12 with SPM8 for region of interest (ROI) analyses, and a general linear model was used with regressors for each trial type in each task. RESULTS For the Stroop task, accuracy was similar in the two groups, with no differences in the effect of incongruency on success rates. OSA showed greater neural activity than controls in eight ROI clusters for incongruent versus congruent trials (P < 0.001). Within the a priori ROIs, the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). For perceiving harm versus neutral actions, ROI analysis revealed a significant correlation between apnea-hypopnea index and left amygdala activity in harm versus neutral actions (r = -0.71, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first functional MRI evidence that cognitive and empathetic processing is influenced by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Children with OSA show greater neural recruitment of regions implicated in cognitive control, conflict monitoring, and attentional allocation in order to perform at the same level as children without OSA. When viewing empathy-eliciting scenarios, the severity of OSA predicted less sensitivity to harm in the left amygdala.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ SLEEParrow_drop_down
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    SLEEP
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2014
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    SLEEP
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ SLEEParrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2014
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      SLEEP
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Keisuke Suzuki; Tomoyuki Miyamoto; Masayuki Miyamoto; Koichi Hirata;

    A 79-year-old, right-handed woman was admitted to the hospital with decreased spontaneity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a left inferior capsular genu infarction. 99m TC-ECD single-photon emission computed tomography revealed a left-dominant diffuse hypoperfusionin the basal ganglia and frontal lobe. The patient showed abulia and increased writing activity without motor or sensory deficit. The writing was mainly perseverative, and words written along lines were legible and without spatial distortions. This augmented writing behavior disappeared on day 21. The writing characteristic was more similar to automatic writing behavior than hypergraphia. Dissociation between speech and writing behavior was present in our patient. We suggest that a disconnection within the frontal-subcortical circuit contributed to the development of motor perseveration in writing.

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    DOAJ
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    Case Reports in Neurology
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    Case Reports in Neurology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2009
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      Case Reports in Neurology
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      Case Reports in Neurology
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weiguang Liu; Peng Sun; Lingling Xia; Xilin He; +5 Authors

    Brain metastases, including prevalent breast-to-brain metastasis (B2BM), represent an urgent unmet medical need in the care of cancer due to a lack of effective therapies. Immune evasion is essential for cancer cells to metastasize to the brain tissue for brain metastasis. However, the intrinsic genetic circuits that enable cancer cells to avoid immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a brain-enriched long noncoding RNA (BMOR) expressed in B2BM cells is required for brain metastasis development and is both necessary and sufficient to drive cancer cells to colonize the brain tissue. Mechanistically, BMOR enables cancer cells to evade immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment for the development of brain metastasis by binding and inactivating IRF3. In preclinical brain metastasis murine models, locked nucleic acid-BMOR, a designed silencer targeting BMOR, is effective in suppressing the metastatic colonization of cancer cells in the brain for brain metastasis. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism underlying B2BM immune evasion during cancer cell metastatic colonization of brain tissue for brain metastasis, where B2BM cells evade immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment by acquiring a brain-enriched long noncoding RNA genetic feature.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Proceedings of the N...arrow_drop_down
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    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Proceedings of the N...arrow_drop_down
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      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Daniza M, Ivanovic; Camila V, Ibaceta; Paulina B, Correa; Yasna Z, Orellana; +6 Authors

    Head circumference (HC), the anthropometric index of both brain development and nutritional background, has been described to be significantly associated with scholastic achievement (SA). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nutritional background and current nutritional status parameters on SA in the Education Quality Measurement System (SIMCE) tests. A representative sample of 33 schools was randomly chosen in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The sample consisted of 1,353 school-aged children of both sexes, from the fifth grade of elementary school and from the first grade of high school who in 2009 took the SIMCE tests. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric parameters. Brain development was measured through the HC expressed as HC-for-age Z-score (Z-HC). Students with Z-HC 2 SD obtained low and high SA, respectively, both in the language and the mathematics tests (P < 0.001). In general, in both grades, those students with Z-HC ≥0 SD increase more than double the probability to obtain language and mathematics SA scores ≥ the median (P < 0.0001). We confirm the hypothesis that HC is the most relevant physical index associated with SA; therefore, children with the lowest scores in the SIMCE tests probably have lower brain development.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio ANID; LA...arrow_drop_down
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    Pediatric Research
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    Pediatric Research
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Pediatric Research
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      Pediatric Research
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Khew-Goodall, Yeesim; Hemmings, Brian A.;

    The mRNAs encoding the catalytic subunits of the type 1 phosphatase and the alpha and beta forms of phosphatase 2A (termed 2A alpha and 2A beta) were detected in all the porcine tissues examined (brain, heart, muscle, liver, kidney and ovaries). Total phosphatase 2A transcripts were about 10 times more abundant in brain and heart than in the other tissues while the distribution of phosphatase 1 mRNA showed significantly less variation. Phosphatase 2A alpha mRNA was about 10 times more abundant than phosphatase 2A beta mRNA in most tissues. Similarly, both the alpha and beta forms of the mRNA of the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase 2A were present in all the rat tissues examined. In addition to the 2 kb mRNA generally expressed, rat tissues also express a 2.8 kb mRNA related to 2A alpha and a 1.3 kb mRNA related to 2A beta.

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    FEBS Letters
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 1988
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      FEBS Letters
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1988
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    Authors: Xiaofeng, Zhu; Heung-Il, Suk; Yonghua, Zhu; Kim-Han, Thung; +2 Authors

    In this paper, we propose a multi-view learning method using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) diagnosis. Specifically, we extract both Region-Of-Interest (ROI) features and Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features from each MRI image, and then propose mapping HOG features onto the space of ROI features to make them comparable and to impose high intra-class similarity with low inter-class similarity. Finally, both mapped HOG features and original ROI features are input to the support vector machine for AD diagnosis. The purpose of mapping HOG features onto the space of ROI features is to provide complementary information so that features from different views can not only be comparable (i.e., homogeneous) but also be interpretable. For example, ROI features are robust to noise, but lack of reflecting small or subtle changes, while HOG features are diverse but less robust to noise. The proposed multi-view learning method is designed to learn the transformation between two spaces and to separate the classes under the supervision of class labels. The experimental results on the MRI images from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset show that the proposed multi-view method helps enhance disease status identification performance, outperforming both baseline methods and state-of-the-art methods.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Vidal-Madjar, A.; Laurent, C.; Bruston, P.; Audouze, J.;

    A model, based on different observations of the local interstellar medium, indicates the presence of a very close interstellar cloud in front of the Scorpius-Ophiuchus association (almost in the direction of the galactic center) approaching the solar system from a distance of about 0.03 pc at a velocity of about 15--20 km s/sup -1/. These observations are as follows:1. The strong gradient of the hydrogen density in the interstellar medium deduced from current observations of this gas inside the solar system (n/sub H/approx.0.1 cm/sup -3/) and in front of many nearby stars in the anticenter direction (n/sub H/approx.0.01 cm/sup -3/).2. The anisotropy of the UV flux (around 950 A) from the brightest and closest O and B stars.3. The important variation of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio, which ranges from 2 x 10/sup -6/ in the ..cap alpha.. Cen A direction to 4 x 10/sup -5/ in the Aga Aur direction.A mechanism based on a selective radiation pressure effect that acts on deuterium atoms and not on hydrogen atoms explains satisfactorily the large spread in the deuterium abundance in the local interstellar medium. The operation of this mechanism requires that the geometrical configuration remain stable for approximately 10/sup 7/ years.more » This requirement implies the existence of a nearby interstellar cloud.Possible candidates do exist in the proper sky direction. One candidate, extensively discussed, presents a persistent interstellar absorption pattern over an angle of 40/sup 0/ related to a high column density, although covering only a few degrees in the sky, would lead to the same consequence. The presence of such condidates is not all contradicted by the interstellar reddening and absorption line observations.Other implications of the presence of such a close cloud are presented.« less

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    The Astrophysical Journal
    Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Astrophysical Journal
      Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Di Ciaccio, Lucia;

    Precise measurements of electroweak parameters represent an important aspect of the LHC physics program. This paper discusses the measurement of the W boson mass, of the top quark mass, of the Z forward-backward asymmetry and of the production cross-section of boson pairs. The high center of mass energy of LHC and the large statistics samples of W, top, Z and diboson events that will be collected by the two general-purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS, will allow to improve the precision already achieved on the discussed parameters.

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.055...
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.055...
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    Authors: Erny, Carole; Thevenet, David; Cognard, Jean-Yves; Körner, Manuel;

    International audience; Ship structures are commonly assembled by using welding process and they are submitted to some variable and complex loadings. Moreover, near the weld toe, some local stress concentrations are generated. Accordingly, welded joints could be a critical area regarding fatigue damage. In a previous work, a methodology to predict fatigue life has been developed and tested on butt-welded joints. The present work focuses on more complex assemblies in order to be able to estimate the fatigue life of representative naval structures. The strategy could be split into two steps. First, finite element calculation is performed with constant or variable amplitude loadings in order to analyze the elastic shakedown of the structure. To characterize the material heterogeneity of the welded joint, experimental tests on simulated heat affected zone and some micro-hardness measurements have been conducted. If the structure shakedowns, a post-treatment has been developed to predict the fatigue crack initiation which is based on a two-scale damage model initially developed by Lemaitre et al., using again the heterogeneity of fatigue material properties, in order to obtain an accurate numerical predicted fatigue life. To validate this methodology, some experimental tests have been performed on various welded structures (cruciform joints type representative of naval assemblies) and comparisons between experimental and numerical fatigue life are encouraging.

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    Procedia Engineering
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      Procedia Engineering
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    Authors: Caroline Chua; Halima Chahboune; Alex Braun; Krishna Dummula; +6 Authors

    Background and Purpose— Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity that results in neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and cognitive deficits. Despite this, there is no standardized animal model exhibiting neurological consequences of IVH in prematurely delivered animals. We asked whether induction of moderate-to-severe IVH in premature rabbit pups would produce long-term sequelae of cerebral palsy, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, reduced myelination, and gliosis. Methods— The premature rabbit pups, delivered by cesarean section, were treated with intraperitoneal glycerol at 2 hours postnatal age to induce IVH. The development of IVH was diagnosed by head ultrasound at 24 hours of age. Neurobehavioral, histological, and ultrastructural evaluation and diffusion tensor imaging studies were performed at 2 weeks of age. Results— Although 25% of pups with IVH (IVH pups) developed motor impairment with hypertonia and 42% developed posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly, pups without IVH (non-IVH) were unremarkable. Immunolabeling revealed reduced myelination in the white matter of IVH pups compared with saline- and glycerol-treated non-IVH controls. Reduced myelination was confirmed by Western blot analysis. There was evidence of gliosis in IVH pups. Ultrastructural studies in IVH pups showed that myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were relatively preserved except for focal axonal injury. Diffusion tensor imaging showed reduction in fractional anisotropy and white matter volume confirming white matter injury in IVH pups. Conclusion— The rabbit pups with IVH displayed posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly, gliosis, reduced myelination, and motor deficits, like humans. The study highlights an instructive animal model of the neurological consequences of IVH, which can be used to evaluate strategies in the prevention and treatment of posthemorrhagic complications.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2009
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    Authors: Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Yoder, Keith; Kulkarni, Richa; Gozal, David; +1 Authors

    BACKGROUND Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with neurocognitive deficits. However, the neural substrates underlying such deficits remain unknown. METHODS To examine executive control and emotional processing in OSA, 10 children age 7 to 11 y with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA and 7 age- and sex-matched controls underwent a color-word Stroop task and an empathy task consisting of dynamic visual scenarios depicting interpersonal harm or neutral actions in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Functional MRI data were processed using MATLAB 7.12 with SPM8 for region of interest (ROI) analyses, and a general linear model was used with regressors for each trial type in each task. RESULTS For the Stroop task, accuracy was similar in the two groups, with no differences in the effect of incongruency on success rates. OSA showed greater neural activity than controls in eight ROI clusters for incongruent versus congruent trials (P < 0.001). Within the a priori ROIs, the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). For perceiving harm versus neutral actions, ROI analysis revealed a significant correlation between apnea-hypopnea index and left amygdala activity in harm versus neutral actions (r = -0.71, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first functional MRI evidence that cognitive and empathetic processing is influenced by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Children with OSA show greater neural recruitment of regions implicated in cognitive control, conflict monitoring, and attentional allocation in order to perform at the same level as children without OSA. When viewing empathy-eliciting scenarios, the severity of OSA predicted less sensitivity to harm in the left amygdala.

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    Authors: Keisuke Suzuki; Tomoyuki Miyamoto; Masayuki Miyamoto; Koichi Hirata;

    A 79-year-old, right-handed woman was admitted to the hospital with decreased spontaneity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a left inferior capsular genu infarction. 99m TC-ECD single-photon emission computed tomography revealed a left-dominant diffuse hypoperfusionin the basal ganglia and frontal lobe. The patient showed abulia and increased writing activity without motor or sensory deficit. The writing was mainly perseverative, and words written along lines were legible and without spatial distortions. This augmented writing behavior disappeared on day 21. The writing characteristic was more similar to automatic writing behavior than hypergraphia. Dissociation between speech and writing behavior was present in our patient. We suggest that a disconnection within the frontal-subcortical circuit contributed to the development of motor perseveration in writing.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2009
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    Case Reports in Neurology
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    Case Reports in Neurology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Case Reports in Neurology
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      Case Reports in Neurology
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Weiguang Liu; Peng Sun; Lingling Xia; Xilin He; +5 Authors

    Brain metastases, including prevalent breast-to-brain metastasis (B2BM), represent an urgent unmet medical need in the care of cancer due to a lack of effective therapies. Immune evasion is essential for cancer cells to metastasize to the brain tissue for brain metastasis. However, the intrinsic genetic circuits that enable cancer cells to avoid immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a brain-enriched long noncoding RNA (BMOR) expressed in B2BM cells is required for brain metastasis development and is both necessary and sufficient to drive cancer cells to colonize the brain tissue. Mechanistically, BMOR enables cancer cells to evade immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment for the development of brain metastasis by binding and inactivating IRF3. In preclinical brain metastasis murine models, locked nucleic acid-BMOR, a designed silencer targeting BMOR, is effective in suppressing the metastatic colonization of cancer cells in the brain for brain metastasis. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism underlying B2BM immune evasion during cancer cell metastatic colonization of brain tissue for brain metastasis, where B2BM cells evade immune-mediated killing in the brain microenvironment by acquiring a brain-enriched long noncoding RNA genetic feature.

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    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Daniza M, Ivanovic; Camila V, Ibaceta; Paulina B, Correa; Yasna Z, Orellana; +6 Authors

    Head circumference (HC), the anthropometric index of both brain development and nutritional background, has been described to be significantly associated with scholastic achievement (SA). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nutritional background and current nutritional status parameters on SA in the Education Quality Measurement System (SIMCE) tests. A representative sample of 33 schools was randomly chosen in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The sample consisted of 1,353 school-aged children of both sexes, from the fifth grade of elementary school and from the first grade of high school who in 2009 took the SIMCE tests. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric parameters. Brain development was measured through the HC expressed as HC-for-age Z-score (Z-HC). Students with Z-HC 2 SD obtained low and high SA, respectively, both in the language and the mathematics tests (P < 0.001). In general, in both grades, those students with Z-HC ≥0 SD increase more than double the probability to obtain language and mathematics SA scores ≥ the median (P < 0.0001). We confirm the hypothesis that HC is the most relevant physical index associated with SA; therefore, children with the lowest scores in the SIMCE tests probably have lower brain development.

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    Pediatric Research
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    Pediatric Research
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Pediatric Research
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      Pediatric Research
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Khew-Goodall, Yeesim; Hemmings, Brian A.;

    The mRNAs encoding the catalytic subunits of the type 1 phosphatase and the alpha and beta forms of phosphatase 2A (termed 2A alpha and 2A beta) were detected in all the porcine tissues examined (brain, heart, muscle, liver, kidney and ovaries). Total phosphatase 2A transcripts were about 10 times more abundant in brain and heart than in the other tissues while the distribution of phosphatase 1 mRNA showed significantly less variation. Phosphatase 2A alpha mRNA was about 10 times more abundant than phosphatase 2A beta mRNA in most tissues. Similarly, both the alpha and beta forms of the mRNA of the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase 2A were present in all the rat tissues examined. In addition to the 2 kb mRNA generally expressed, rat tissues also express a 2.8 kb mRNA related to 2A alpha and a 1.3 kb mRNA related to 2A beta.

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    FEBS Letters
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    FEBS Letters
    Article . 1988
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      FEBS Letters
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1988
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    Authors: Xiaofeng, Zhu; Heung-Il, Suk; Yonghua, Zhu; Kim-Han, Thung; +2 Authors

    In this paper, we propose a multi-view learning method using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) diagnosis. Specifically, we extract both Region-Of-Interest (ROI) features and Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features from each MRI image, and then propose mapping HOG features onto the space of ROI features to make them comparable and to impose high intra-class similarity with low inter-class similarity. Finally, both mapped HOG features and original ROI features are input to the support vector machine for AD diagnosis. The purpose of mapping HOG features onto the space of ROI features is to provide complementary information so that features from different views can not only be comparable (i.e., homogeneous) but also be interpretable. For example, ROI features are robust to noise, but lack of reflecting small or subtle changes, while HOG features are diverse but less robust to noise. The proposed multi-view learning method is designed to learn the transformation between two spaces and to separate the classes under the supervision of class labels. The experimental results on the MRI images from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset show that the proposed multi-view method helps enhance disease status identification performance, outperforming both baseline methods and state-of-the-art methods.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2015
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Europe PubMed Central
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    Authors: Vidal-Madjar, A.; Laurent, C.; Bruston, P.; Audouze, J.;

    A model, based on different observations of the local interstellar medium, indicates the presence of a very close interstellar cloud in front of the Scorpius-Ophiuchus association (almost in the direction of the galactic center) approaching the solar system from a distance of about 0.03 pc at a velocity of about 15--20 km s/sup -1/. These observations are as follows:1. The strong gradient of the hydrogen density in the interstellar medium deduced from current observations of this gas inside the solar system (n/sub H/approx.0.1 cm/sup -3/) and in front of many nearby stars in the anticenter direction (n/sub H/approx.0.01 cm/sup -3/).2. The anisotropy of the UV flux (around 950 A) from the brightest and closest O and B stars.3. The important variation of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio, which ranges from 2 x 10/sup -6/ in the ..cap alpha.. Cen A direction to 4 x 10/sup -5/ in the Aga Aur direction.A mechanism based on a selective radiation pressure effect that acts on deuterium atoms and not on hydrogen atoms explains satisfactorily the large spread in the deuterium abundance in the local interstellar medium. The operation of this mechanism requires that the geometrical configuration remain stable for approximately 10/sup 7/ years.more » This requirement implies the existence of a nearby interstellar cloud.Possible candidates do exist in the proper sky direction. One candidate, extensively discussed, presents a persistent interstellar absorption pattern over an angle of 40/sup 0/ related to a high column density, although covering only a few degrees in the sky, would lead to the same consequence. The presence of such condidates is not all contradicted by the interstellar reddening and absorption line observations.Other implications of the presence of such a close cloud are presented.« less

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    The Astrophysical Journal
    Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 1978
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      The Astrophysical Journal
      Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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      Hal-Diderot
      Article . 1978
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    Authors: Di Ciaccio, Lucia;

    Precise measurements of electroweak parameters represent an important aspect of the LHC physics program. This paper discusses the measurement of the W boson mass, of the top quark mass, of the Z forward-backward asymmetry and of the production cross-section of boson pairs. The high center of mass energy of LHC and the large statistics samples of W, top, Z and diboson events that will be collected by the two general-purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS, will allow to improve the precision already achieved on the discussed parameters.

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.055...
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.055...
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    Authors: Erny, Carole; Thevenet, David; Cognard, Jean-Yves; Körner, Manuel;

    International audience; Ship structures are commonly assembled by using welding process and they are submitted to some variable and complex loadings. Moreover, near the weld toe, some local stress concentrations are generated. Accordingly, welded joints could be a critical area regarding fatigue damage. In a previous work, a methodology to predict fatigue life has been developed and tested on butt-welded joints. The present work focuses on more complex assemblies in order to be able to estimate the fatigue life of representative naval structures. The strategy could be split into two steps. First, finite element calculation is performed with constant or variable amplitude loadings in order to analyze the elastic shakedown of the structure. To characterize the material heterogeneity of the welded joint, experimental tests on simulated heat affected zone and some micro-hardness measurements have been conducted. If the structure shakedowns, a post-treatment has been developed to predict the fatigue crack initiation which is based on a two-scale damage model initially developed by Lemaitre et al., using again the heterogeneity of fatigue material properties, in order to obtain an accurate numerical predicted fatigue life. To validate this methodology, some experimental tests have been performed on various welded structures (cruciform joints type representative of naval assemblies) and comparisons between experimental and numerical fatigue life are encouraging.

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    Procedia Engineering
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Procedia Engineering
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Caroline Chua; Halima Chahboune; Alex Braun; Krishna Dummula; +6 Authors

    Background and Purpose— Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity that results in neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and cognitive deficits. Despite this, there is no standardized animal model exhibiting neurological consequences of IVH in prematurely delivered animals. We asked whether induction of moderate-to-severe IVH in premature rabbit pups would produce long-term sequelae of cerebral palsy, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, reduced myelination, and gliosis. Methods— The premature rabbit pups, delivered by cesarean section, were treated with intraperitoneal glycerol at 2 hours postnatal age to induce IVH. The development of IVH was diagnosed by head ultrasound at 24 hours of age. Neurobehavioral, histological, and ultrastructural evaluation and diffusion tensor imaging studies were performed at 2 weeks of age. Results— Although 25% of pups with IVH (IVH pups) developed motor impairment with hypertonia and 42% developed posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly, pups without IVH (non-IVH) were unremarkable. Immunolabeling revealed reduced myelination in the white matter of IVH pups compared with saline- and glycerol-treated non-IVH controls. Reduced myelination was confirmed by Western blot analysis. There was evidence of gliosis in IVH pups. Ultrastructural studies in IVH pups showed that myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were relatively preserved except for focal axonal injury. Diffusion tensor imaging showed reduction in fractional anisotropy and white matter volume confirming white matter injury in IVH pups. Conclusion— The rabbit pups with IVH displayed posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly, gliosis, reduced myelination, and motor deficits, like humans. The study highlights an instructive animal model of the neurological consequences of IVH, which can be used to evaluate strategies in the prevention and treatment of posthemorrhagic complications.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2009
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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