- home
- Search
Filters
Clear AllLoading
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book 2021 GermanVerlag Julius Klinkhardt Authors: Reh, Sabine; Bühler, Patrick; Hofmann, Michèle; Moser, Vera;Reh, Sabine; Bühler, Patrick; Hofmann, Michèle; Moser, Vera;doi: 10.25656/01:22267
Einleitend zeigen die Autor*innen, in welchem institutionellen Kontext eines sich entwickelnden, die gesamte Bevölkerung einschließenden, also inkludierenden, und gleichzeitig differenzierenden Bildungswesens die in den Beiträgen des Bandes beschriebenen, verschiedenen pädagogischen und psychologischen Praktiken der Kategorisierung und Selektion von Schüler*innen entstanden. Erst in dieser Perspektive einer langen Geschichte schulischer Inklusion wird in aller Klarheit ersichtlich, dass und wie so anscheinend ganz unterschiedliche und unabhängig voneinander existierende Ereignisse und Debatten, wie die um die Entstehung der Hilfsschule in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, die Diskussionen unter Lehrkräften und Schulmännern über die Abiturprüfung um 1900 oder diejenigen unter Vertreter*innen einer empirischen Pädagogik und Psycholog*innen zur Entwicklung der Ausleseverfahren im Übergang von der Grundschule in das höhere Schulwesen in den 1920er Jahren, miteinander verknüpft sind. Gleichzeitig erweist sich dabei auch die Frage nach spezifischen disziplinären und professionellen Blickwinkeln – vor allem der Pädagog*innen und der Psycholog*innen – und deren Praktiken als ebenso eng wie komplex verwoben mit politischen und pädagogischen Ideen eines Aufstiegs durch Bildung, des offenen Zuganges zu Bildungsressourcen und damit schließlich nach Gerechtigkeit. (DIPF/Orig.)
Pedagogical Document... arrow_drop_down Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)Part of book or chapter of book . 2021Data sources: Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25656/01:22267&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 1Kvisibility views 1,225 download downloads 991 Powered bymore_vert Pedagogical Document... arrow_drop_down Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)Part of book or chapter of book . 2021Data sources: Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25656/01:22267&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2012 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Stoy, Meline;Stoy, Meline;Motivationale Dysfunktionen und Defizite in der Regulation von Emotionen als Entstehungsursache eines Aufmerksamkeits-/Defizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndroms (ADHS) sind im letzten Jahrzehnt vermehrt ins Forschungsinteresse gerückt. Auf neuronaler Ebene werden Störungen im mesolimbischen Belohnungssystem diskutiert. Sie könnten ursächlich für eine mit der Erkrankung einhergehende defizitäre Ansprechbarkeit auf Verhaltensverstärker sein. Zudem könnten sie ADHS-Symptome als kompensatorisches Verhalten, aber auch das erhöhte Risiko substanzinduzierter Störungen im Sinne einer Selbstmedikation erklären. Methylphenidat (MPH), Ritalin, führt zu einer Erhöhung von extrazellulärem Dopamin im Belohnungssystem. Ob MPH eher einen suchtfördernden oder suchtprotektiven Einfluss hat, wird schon lange diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde mittels funktioneller Kernspintomographie (fMRT) untersucht, ob bei männlichen Erwachsenen mit ADHS sowie Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit Dysfunktionen bei der Verarbeitung belohnungsrelevanter und emotionaler Reize bestehen. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich Männer mit einer ADHS-Diagnose in der Kindheit in Abhängigkeit von einer mindestens einjährigen MPH-Behandlung in der Kindheit hinsichtlich motivationaler und emotionaler Prozesse unterscheiden. Es zeigte sich, dass unmedizierte Männer mit aktuellem ADHS im Vergleich zu Gesunden eine verringerte Aktivität im ventralen Striatum (VS), einer Kernregion des Belohnungssystems, bei der Ankündigung potentieller Belohnungen aufweisen, während beim Feedback von tatsächlichem Gewinn eine Überaktivität im orbitofrontalen Kortex besteht. Eine geringe Aktivität im VS korrelierte mit schwereren ADHS-Symptomen. Bei der Verarbeitung emotionaler Reize unterschieden sich unmedizierte Männer, die aufgrund ihres ADHS in der Kindheit mit MPH behandelt wurden, nicht von gesunden Kontrollen. In der Kindheit nicht medikamentös behandelte Männer hingegen wiesen eine veränderte Aktivität im VS und dem subgenualen Cingulum im Vergleich zu Gesunden auf. Obwohl das VS eher mit Belohnungs- als mit Emotionsverarbeitung in Verbindung gebracht wird, konnte bei der Verarbeitung motivationaler Reize kein Zusammenhang zwischen einer MPH-Vorbehandlung und Aktivierungen im VS nachgewiesen werden. Hier zeigte sich, dass Männer mit fortbestehender ADHS- Diagnose Verarbeitungsdefizite im VS aufweisen, während remittierte Probanden sich nicht von gesunden Kontrollen unterscheiden. Dies spricht gegen einen medikamentösen Effekt und eher für einen Remissionseffekt. Ein Unterschied zwischen MPH-behandelten und unbehandelten Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit bei der Verarbeitung motivationaler Reize bestand beim Feedback von Verlustreizen in der Inselregion. Zusammenfassend konnten Dysfunktionen bei emotionalen und motivationalen Verarbeitungsprozessen bei ADHS gefunden werden. Die neuronalen Verarbeitungsdefizite bei Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit hingen teilweise stärker von der Schwere der Symptomatik ab, als von einer medikamentösen Behandlung in der Kindheit. Bei der neuronalen Verarbeitung emotionaler und motivationaler Reize zeigten sich jedoch bei in der Kindheit nicht medikamentös Behandelten insgesamt größere Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Gesunden. Ob dies auf eine fehlende pharmakologische Behandlung zurückzuführen ist, müsste in prospektiven Studien geklärt werden. In the last decade, there has been growing interest in dysfunctions of the reward system and deficits in emotion regulation in the research on attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On the neuronal level, dysfunctions in the mesolimbic reward system have been discussed, as they might be responsible for the diminished responsiveness to behavioral reinforcers. These deficits could also explain ADHD symptoms as compensatory behavior, as well as the increased risk of substance use disorders in terms of self-medication. Methylphenidate (MPH), Ritalin, enhances extracellular dopamine in the reward system. Whether MPH has a protective or a disadvantageous effect on the development of substance use disorders remains uncertain. In this dissertation, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze whether ADHD is associated with dysfunctional processing of emotional or reward-indicating stimuli. We examined adult males with ADHD as well as remitted adult males with childhood ADHD. In addition, we examined if adult males with childhood ADHD differ in motivational and emotional processes depending on their medication status during childhood (i.e., whether they had been treated with MPH for at least one year or had received no medication). Our study revealed that unmedicated males with actual ADHD, compared to healthy controls, showed a decreased activity in the ventral striatum (VS) during the anticipation of potential reward, while they showed hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex during the feedback of reward. A decreased activity in the VS, a core region of the reward system, correlated positively with ADHD symptom severity. During processing of emotional stimuli, unmedicated males with childhood ADHD who had been treated with MPH did not differ from controls. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD who had never been treated with MPH showed an altered activity of the VS and the subgenual cingulated cortex compared to controls. Even though the VS is stronger associated with reward processing rather than emotion processing, we could not find any association between MPH treatment and VS activity during processing of motivational cues. Instead, deficits in the processing of motivational cues in the VS could be observed in males with ADHD, while remitted males did not differ from healthy controls. This indicates an effect of remission status rather than of medication. A difference in motivational processes between MPH- treated and untreated males with ADHD during childhood could be found during the feedback phase of loss cues in the insula. In summary, dysfunctions in motivational and emotional processes in ADHD have been found. In adult males with childhood ADHD, the neuronal deficits of these processes seem to be at least partially connected with the actual symptom severity and less with pharmacological treatment during childhood. However, males who never received any pharmacological treatment during childhood, showed more differences in the neuronal processing of emotional and motivational stimuli compared to controls than males who were treated with MPH did. Prospective studies have to reveal whether this effect is due to the lack of pharmacological treatment.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::f5b5ef2250e6469e411093824fcf051d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::f5b5ef2250e6469e411093824fcf051d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publication2008 Germany GermanAuthors: Wenkeler, Violetta;Wenkeler, Violetta;The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a network of neurons, which are activated through execution as well as by observation of goal-directed movements. Mirror neurons seem to be involved in many processes in the field of motor learning and are used in a therapy of motor rehabilitation with stroke patients. However, to date, no study exists, which has investigated the neural activity of the MNS in age-dependent subjects.This question was investigated in the present study with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a cohort of 26 neurologically healthy volunteers ranging from 19 till 79 years old. The subjects were stimulated with video clips and pictures of transitive and intransitive movements, which they should either look at or observe and imagine this movement simultaneously. Thereby neural activity was measured as a dependent variable and was tested statistically with the subjects age dependency with regression analysis and a group comparison.Results showed bilateral activations in superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), premotor cortex (PM), supplementary motor area (SMA), inferior prefrontal cortex (iPFC), left precentral gyrus (corresponding M1), superior parietal lobe (SPL), medial temporal gyrus (corresponding MT, V5), visual areas (corresponding V1-V4) of occipital lobe (BA 17-19) and in cerebellum. These activations increased over the six conditions and were strongest with the presentation of videos with object-related hand movements and simultaneous imagination of the execution of this movement. The examination of age dependency of these activations showed an increased BOLD signal in occipital cortex corresponding to the prime visual area (V1) by the young and stronger activations in regions of occipital lobe, corresponding to higher visual areas V3 and V4, as well as in superior parietal lobe (SPL) by the elderly volunteers. However, there were no significant differences in activation in the areas belonging to the MNS (i.e. IPL, PM and iPFC) depending on age. Thus this study provides a paradigm for fMRI measuring reliable activity within the MNS. Further results of this study support the use of action observation therapy in elderly stroke patients.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______715::01abd089fa0dbec4936a9cf08d3ea998&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 156visibility views 156 download downloads 1,426 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______715::01abd089fa0dbec4936a9cf08d3ea998&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2017 Germany GermanAuthors: Becker, Juliane;Becker, Juliane;The present work highlights various requirements for neuropsychological assessment in the context of glioma patients undergoing awake craniotomy. The first study assessed the validity of the Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE) compared to already established cognitive screening instruments such as Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with intracranial tumors. For screening purposes, the MoCA turned out to be the best available tool, in clinical as well as research settings. However, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery could not be replaced by any screening tool. Beside a differentiated cognitive performance profile, a test battery in particular provides additional information on a patient’s eligibility for an awake craniotomy and information for individual composition of intraoperative tasks. The second study outlined the lack of a standardized tools for sensory-motor assessment in awake craniotomies. In consequence, the “Sensory-Motor Profile - awake“ (SPM-a) was introduced as a feasible tool for pre-, intra- and postoperative assessment. Its validation with other scales for sensory and motor assessment as well as evaluation of its reliability are goals for future multicenter studies. The case report of a highgrade glioma in a patient with a congenital absent hemisphere illustrated the large potential of the human brain for neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity can be considered as key concept in the context of awake craniotomy determining multiple medical decisions. The results of the presented studies are integrated into a comprehensive model of neuropsychological assessment for glioma patients with the goal to outline the concept of a personalized therapeutic management of these patients. Long-term objective is an improvement of the neuropsychological information supply for medical decision making, and in particular the improvement of the protocol for awake surgeries. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Anforderungen an die neuropsychologische Diagnostik bei Gliompatienten im Kontext von Wachoperationen. Die erste Studie untersuchte die Validität des Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE) im Vergleich zu den bereits etablierten kognitiven Screeninginstrumenten Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) und Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) an Patienten mit intrakraniellen Tumoren. Es zeigte sich, dass der MoCA für Screeningzwecke am besten für klinische wie auch forschungsbezogene Fragestellungen geeignet war, jedoch konnte die umfassende neuropsychologische Testbatterie von keinem der Screeninginstrumente ersetzt werden. Neben einem differenzierten kognitiven Leistungsprofil stellt eine Testbatterie zusätzliche Informationen über die Eignung eines Patienten für eine Wachoperation und Informationen für die individuelle Zusammenstellung intraoperativer Aufgaben bereit. Die zweite Studie thematisierte das Fehlen eines standardisierten Diagnostikinstrumentes für senso-motorische Funktionen speziell für Wachoperationen. Infolgedessen wurde das “Sensory-Motor Profile - awake“ (SPM-a) für die prä-, intra- und postoperative Diagnostik erstellt. Seine Validierung mit anderen Skalen wie auch die Evaluation seiner Reliabilität sind Ziele zukünftiger Multicenterstudien. Die Falldarstellung eines Glioms, bei einem Patienten mit angeboren fehlender Hemisphäre, illustrierte das große Potential des menschlichen Gehirns für neuroplastische Adaptationen. Neuroplastizität bildet im Rahmen von Wachoperationen ein Schlüsselkonzept, auf welchem weitreichende medizinische Entscheidungen basieren. Die Ergebnisse der dargestellten Studien werden in ein umfassendes Model der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik für Wachoperationen integriert, mit dem Ziel ein Konzept für das personalisierte therapeutische Management dieser Patienten vorzustellen.
MACAU: Open Access R... arrow_drop_down MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityMACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______660::c717197cb46b576819671a868e608bf1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert MACAU: Open Access R... arrow_drop_down MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityMACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______660::c717197cb46b576819671a868e608bf1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2006 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Hoppe, Barbara;Hoppe, Barbara;Element analytical investigations revealed differences in the selenium concentrations in the tissues of the rats. Here the brain had two distinct features: it had relatively low selenium content and, with insufficient selenium intake, the brain was preferentially supplied with the element. The results of several studies indicate that the trace element selenium in the form of selenoproteins is of essential significance for physiological processes in the CNS. It acts as a scavenger of radicals and is a component of the redox system. The sites of action of selenium in the brain are, however, not yet completely known. The aim of this work was therefore the investigation of the distribution of selenium and of the selenoprotein expression on a regional and cellular level. The results obtained for the distribution of selenium within the rat brain by means of neutron activation analysis showed only slight regional differences. With insufficient selenium supply the selenium content in all regions of the brain was reduced by only 30 %, but in the kidney and liver by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. After metabolic labeling of rats with 75Se and protein separation by SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional electrophoresis similar distribution patterns of the 75Se containing proteins were found in all regions except in the cerebellum. The expression patterns of the selenoproteins in the different cell types of the brain were investigated by labeling cultures of immortalized neurons, astrocytes, ligodendrocytes, microglia and cerebral endothelial cells with 75Se and analysis by SDS-PAGE and 2d-electrophoresis. The pattern of the selenoproteins exhibited characteristics in the case of investigated microglia and cerebral endothelial cells. An increased expression of selenium-containing proteins with molecular masses of 12.6, 10 and 9 kDa was found in the microglia. In this work a model of the blood-brain barrier was established consisting of primary astrocytes and a cell line of cerebral endothelial cells rBCEC4. In the investigation of the expression patterns of the 75Se containing proteins it was found that the expression rate of a cytosolic 15 kDa protein was strongly increased in endothelial cells which were grown in the co culture. The same effect was observed when the culture of endothelial cells was grown after adding of the conditioned medium of astrocytes. The results of the investigations carried out in this work showed that the selenium distribution and the regulation of the selenium uptake in the different regions of the brain were very similar. The same was true for the selenoprotein expression patterns in the regions and cell types of the brain. But for some selenoproteins, however, differences in their distribution were observed which provide evidences on specific sites of action and specific functions of these compounds. Elementanalytische Untersuchungen zeigten unterschiedliche Selenkonzentrationen in den Geweben der Ratte. Das Hirngewebe fiel dabei durch zwei Aspekte auf: es wies einen relativ geringen Selengehalt auf und es wurde bei ungenügender Selenaufnahme bevorzugt mit dem Element versorgt. Die Ergebnisse zahlreicher Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass das Spurenelement Selen in Form von Selenoproteinen als Radikalfänger und Komponente des Redoxsystems für die physiologischen Prozesse des ZNS von essentieller Bedeutung ist. Die lokalen Wirkorte des Selens im Gehirn sind noch nicht genau bekannt. In dieser Arbeit sollte daher die Verteilung von Selen und die Expression von Selenoproteinen auf regionaler und zellulärer Ebene untersucht werden. Die mit Hilfe der Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse erhaltenen Ergebnisse für die regionale Verteilung von Selen im Gehirn der Ratte zeigten nur geringe Unterschiede innerhalb des Hirngewebes. Bei einer Unterversorgung des Organismus mit Selen wurde der Selengehalt in allen Regionen des Gehirns nur um 30% reduziert, in der Niere und der Leber aber um eine bzw. zwei Größenordnungen. Nach metabolischer Markierung von Ratten mit 75Se und Proteintrennung durch SDS PAGE und 2D Gelelektrophorese wurden in allen Regionen mit Ausnahme des Kleinhirns ähnliche Expressionsmuster der 75Se-haltigen Proteine gefunden. Zur Untersuchung der Expressionsmuster der Selenoproteine in unterschiedlichen Zelltypen des Gehirns wurden mit Zellkulturen von immortalisierten Zellen der Neuronen, Astrocyten, Oligodendrocyten, Mikroglia und cerebralen Endothelzellen gearbeitet. Sie wurden mit 75Se markiert und proteinchemisch analysiert. Die Proteinmuster der Selenoproteine nach elektrophoretischer Trennung ergaben für die Mikroglia und die Endothelzellen Auffälligkeiten gegenüber den übrigen untersuchten Zelltypen. In den Mikroglia wurden erhöhte Expressionen der selenhaltigen Proteine bei den Massen 12, 6, 10 und 9 kDa gefunden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Modell der Blut Hirnschranke aus primären Astrocyten und einer Zell Linie von cerebralen Endothelzellen rBCEC4 etabliert. Darin wurden durch Markierung mit 75Se die Expressionsmuster der selenhaltigen Proteine untersucht. Es wurden stark erhöhte Expressionsraten von cytosolischen selenhaltigen Proteinen bei der Molekularmasse 15 kDa in den Endothelzellen gefunden, die erst durch die Co-Kultivierung induziert worden waren. Die Ergebnisse der hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Verteilung von Selen und die Regulation der Selenaufnahme in den verschiedenen Hirnregionen und auch die Muster der Selenoproteinexpression in den Hirnregionen und Hirnzelltypen sehr ähnlich sind. Für einige Selenoproteine konnten jedoch aus Unterschieden in ihrer Verteilung Hinweise auf spezifische Wirkorte erhalten werden.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2006Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::19bb142ef05053ff48c30c6ec4f4e0b5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2006Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::19bb142ef05053ff48c30c6ec4f4e0b5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1990 GermanAuthors: P, Vieregge; V, Reinhardt; C, Kretschmar;P, Vieregge; V, Reinhardt; C, Kretschmar;A clinico-pathological follow-up of mentally ill patients of the Rheinische Landesklinik Düsseldorf between 1960 and 1984 revealed intracranial space-occupying processes in 47 of 1023 post mortem examinations (4.6%). 9 of the 47 cases (19%) were meningiomas. 5 patients of those clinically not diagnosed as having meningioma had signs of raised intracranial pressure at post mortem, in 4 others the meningioma was in incidental finding of presumably lacking clinical significance. 4 other meningioma patients were diagnosed while alive; 2 of them were operated on the tumor. Short- and longterm psychiatric features of meningioma patients bear many similarities with mental symptoms due to other causes in middle and old age with also similar problems in differential diagnosis. There is no raised incidence of meningioma among patients presenting psychiatrically. "Endoform" features in psychopathology are rarely encountered in meningioma patients. According to the pertinent literature an operation in due time ameliorates or abolishes predominantly psychiatric illness in about 80% of meningioma patients.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1696&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1696&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1999 GermanEv, Flerov; Vi, Stamov; Km, Tolmachev; Ae, Iumatov; Aa, Buniatian;It was the aim of this study to compare total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with balanced anaesthesia using modern short-acting anaesthetics for ENT-surgery in children regarding the influence on haemodynamics, recovery, side-effects and costs. After approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Rostock, 80 children in the age of 3 to 12 years, rectally premedicated with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg), were randomly assigned to TIVA (group 1, n = 41) and balanced anaesthesia (group 2, n = 39), respectively. TIVA was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and remifentanil (1 microgram/kg) and maintained with propofol (6 mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.2 microgram/kg/min). Controlled ventilation was performed with an air/oxygen mixture (1:1). Balanced anaesthesia was induced with the method of "single breath induction" using sevoflurane (8 Vol.%) in a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen (2:1). For maintaining balanced anaesthesia under low flow conditions, sevoflurane concentration was reduced to 1 Vol.% while the nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was kept constant. Additionally 0.1 microgram/kg/min of remifentanil was given. For controlled ventilation, the patients of both groups were primarily relaxed for intubation with mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg) under continuous monitoring using TOF-stimulation (TOF-Guard). Further relaxation was performed with doses of 0.05 mg/kg of mivacurium after relaxometric control reached T1-level20% and T2-level0. Haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure), awakening time (time until the first spontaneous movements occurred), recovery time (according to Aldrete-Score8), side-effects (sevoflurane-induced excitation and propofol-induced pain due to the injection during induction of anaesthesia, postoperative vomiting) and costs for anaesthetic agents and relaxants were registered. The investigation showed significantly higher heart rate (p0.05) and significantly lower mean arterial pressure (p0.05) during balanced anaesthesia than during TIVA. Between the two groups there were no statistically significant differences regarding awakening time, recovery time and incidence of postoperative vomiting. In the TIVA-group, pain due to injection of propofol occurred in 10 patients (24.4%) and in group 2 sevoflurane-induced excitation during induction was registered in 22 patients (56.4%). Based on our presently existing purchase prices for the drugs used, there were no significant differences between the costs for TIVA and balanced anaesthesia. We conclude that both TIVA and balanced anaesthesia performed with short-acting anaesthetics, are suitable anaesthetic methods for ENT operations in children. Because balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane led to higher heart rates, this kind of anaesthesia should be used with caution in children with heart diseases. The main advantage of both methods is their short recovery time.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1985 Germanadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=2413537&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=2413537&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015 GermanSzczecin University Press Authors: Jarosław Grybko;Jarosław Grybko;The evolution of the universe from the first particles to human – being conscious indicates the possibility of material transduction molecules. Derived from the Big Bang, particles are suitably configured generate new nature effects: consciousness, mind and self. The source of this process is the human brain. Neurobiological substrate of these phenomena are caused due to patterns of synaptic neuronal communication. You can specify the structure, whose activity marks the effects of mental phenomena, but they can not identify with them. We do not know the cause transduction capacity of the human brain. From an evolutionary point of view of the matter they are constantly being discovered. A man and his brain are the key to this mystery.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=doajarticles::48f000bea7f400d5443f6911e30c7fb9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=doajarticles::48f000bea7f400d5443f6911e30c7fb9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2012 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Grohmann, Nadiezda;Grohmann, Nadiezda;Die Aufklärung der Mechanismen der Antigenerkennung und Antigenpräsentation der antigenspezifischen CD8+ und CD4+T-Zellen im nicht-entzündeten Hirngewebe ist von Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Pathophysiologie von Autoimmunerkrankungen wie der Multiplen Sklerose. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass CD4+ und CD8+T-Zellen im Rahmen der Antigenerkennung ein unterschiedliches Migrationsverhalten im nichtentzündeten Hirngewebe aufweisen. Während die CD4+T-Zellen nach der Antigenzugabe ihre Migration unverändert fortsetzen, werden die CD8+T-Zellen unmittelbar nach der Antigenzugabe immobil und zeigen ein für Antigenerkennung typisches Verhalten. Aufgrund der Dynamik der Reaktion und mangelnder Wirkung von Brefeldin A auf das T-Zell-Verhalten nach Antigenzugabe gehen wir von einem interzellulären Peptidaustausch auf den MHC-I Molekülen aus, was die schnelle Antigenpräsentation ermöglichen würde. Die gegensätzlichen Reaktionen der CD4+ und CD8+T-Zellen auf die Antigenzugabe weisen indirekt auf die unterschiedliche MHC-I und MHC-II-Expression in nicht entzündetem Hirngewebe hin. Die Quantifizierung des neuronalen Todes zeigte einen vermehrten neuronalen Untergang im Rahmen der Interaktion von CD8+T-Zellen mit ihrem spezifischen Antigen, was die Rolle der CD8+T-Zellen in der Pathogenese der MS unterstreicht. The research of migratory behavior of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells during antigen presentation and antigen recognition is of great importance for understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this work it could be shown, that CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells migrate differently in the course of antigen-recognition in non-inflamed brain tissue. CD4+T-cells do not change their migratory behavior after encountering their specific antigen. On the contrary antigen delivery caused abrupt alteration of CD8+T-cell movement. Due to the immediate reaction of CD8+T-cells to their specific antigen and no significant change of their migratory behavior after Brefeldin A treatment we propose the intercellular peptide exchange and external loading of MHC-I molecules with antigenic peptide as a possible mechanism of antigen presentation in this study. The opposite reactions of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells to their specific antigen underline the differential expression of MHC-I and MHC- II molecules in a brain tissue. Antigen dependent interaction of cytotoxic CD8+T-cells with hippocampal cells caused increased neuronal damage, that emphasize the role of CD8+T-cells in a pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::7f0756f333cdf3a34f693ae53d74401a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::7f0756f333cdf3a34f693ae53d74401a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
Loading
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book 2021 GermanVerlag Julius Klinkhardt Authors: Reh, Sabine; Bühler, Patrick; Hofmann, Michèle; Moser, Vera;Reh, Sabine; Bühler, Patrick; Hofmann, Michèle; Moser, Vera;doi: 10.25656/01:22267
Einleitend zeigen die Autor*innen, in welchem institutionellen Kontext eines sich entwickelnden, die gesamte Bevölkerung einschließenden, also inkludierenden, und gleichzeitig differenzierenden Bildungswesens die in den Beiträgen des Bandes beschriebenen, verschiedenen pädagogischen und psychologischen Praktiken der Kategorisierung und Selektion von Schüler*innen entstanden. Erst in dieser Perspektive einer langen Geschichte schulischer Inklusion wird in aller Klarheit ersichtlich, dass und wie so anscheinend ganz unterschiedliche und unabhängig voneinander existierende Ereignisse und Debatten, wie die um die Entstehung der Hilfsschule in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, die Diskussionen unter Lehrkräften und Schulmännern über die Abiturprüfung um 1900 oder diejenigen unter Vertreter*innen einer empirischen Pädagogik und Psycholog*innen zur Entwicklung der Ausleseverfahren im Übergang von der Grundschule in das höhere Schulwesen in den 1920er Jahren, miteinander verknüpft sind. Gleichzeitig erweist sich dabei auch die Frage nach spezifischen disziplinären und professionellen Blickwinkeln – vor allem der Pädagog*innen und der Psycholog*innen – und deren Praktiken als ebenso eng wie komplex verwoben mit politischen und pädagogischen Ideen eines Aufstiegs durch Bildung, des offenen Zuganges zu Bildungsressourcen und damit schließlich nach Gerechtigkeit. (DIPF/Orig.)
Pedagogical Document... arrow_drop_down Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)Part of book or chapter of book . 2021Data sources: Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25656/01:22267&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 1Kvisibility views 1,225 download downloads 991 Powered bymore_vert Pedagogical Document... arrow_drop_down Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)Part of book or chapter of book . 2021Data sources: Pedagogical Documents (peDOCS)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25656/01:22267&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2012 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Stoy, Meline;Stoy, Meline;Motivationale Dysfunktionen und Defizite in der Regulation von Emotionen als Entstehungsursache eines Aufmerksamkeits-/Defizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndroms (ADHS) sind im letzten Jahrzehnt vermehrt ins Forschungsinteresse gerückt. Auf neuronaler Ebene werden Störungen im mesolimbischen Belohnungssystem diskutiert. Sie könnten ursächlich für eine mit der Erkrankung einhergehende defizitäre Ansprechbarkeit auf Verhaltensverstärker sein. Zudem könnten sie ADHS-Symptome als kompensatorisches Verhalten, aber auch das erhöhte Risiko substanzinduzierter Störungen im Sinne einer Selbstmedikation erklären. Methylphenidat (MPH), Ritalin, führt zu einer Erhöhung von extrazellulärem Dopamin im Belohnungssystem. Ob MPH eher einen suchtfördernden oder suchtprotektiven Einfluss hat, wird schon lange diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde mittels funktioneller Kernspintomographie (fMRT) untersucht, ob bei männlichen Erwachsenen mit ADHS sowie Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit Dysfunktionen bei der Verarbeitung belohnungsrelevanter und emotionaler Reize bestehen. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich Männer mit einer ADHS-Diagnose in der Kindheit in Abhängigkeit von einer mindestens einjährigen MPH-Behandlung in der Kindheit hinsichtlich motivationaler und emotionaler Prozesse unterscheiden. Es zeigte sich, dass unmedizierte Männer mit aktuellem ADHS im Vergleich zu Gesunden eine verringerte Aktivität im ventralen Striatum (VS), einer Kernregion des Belohnungssystems, bei der Ankündigung potentieller Belohnungen aufweisen, während beim Feedback von tatsächlichem Gewinn eine Überaktivität im orbitofrontalen Kortex besteht. Eine geringe Aktivität im VS korrelierte mit schwereren ADHS-Symptomen. Bei der Verarbeitung emotionaler Reize unterschieden sich unmedizierte Männer, die aufgrund ihres ADHS in der Kindheit mit MPH behandelt wurden, nicht von gesunden Kontrollen. In der Kindheit nicht medikamentös behandelte Männer hingegen wiesen eine veränderte Aktivität im VS und dem subgenualen Cingulum im Vergleich zu Gesunden auf. Obwohl das VS eher mit Belohnungs- als mit Emotionsverarbeitung in Verbindung gebracht wird, konnte bei der Verarbeitung motivationaler Reize kein Zusammenhang zwischen einer MPH-Vorbehandlung und Aktivierungen im VS nachgewiesen werden. Hier zeigte sich, dass Männer mit fortbestehender ADHS- Diagnose Verarbeitungsdefizite im VS aufweisen, während remittierte Probanden sich nicht von gesunden Kontrollen unterscheiden. Dies spricht gegen einen medikamentösen Effekt und eher für einen Remissionseffekt. Ein Unterschied zwischen MPH-behandelten und unbehandelten Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit bei der Verarbeitung motivationaler Reize bestand beim Feedback von Verlustreizen in der Inselregion. Zusammenfassend konnten Dysfunktionen bei emotionalen und motivationalen Verarbeitungsprozessen bei ADHS gefunden werden. Die neuronalen Verarbeitungsdefizite bei Männern mit ADHS in der Kindheit hingen teilweise stärker von der Schwere der Symptomatik ab, als von einer medikamentösen Behandlung in der Kindheit. Bei der neuronalen Verarbeitung emotionaler und motivationaler Reize zeigten sich jedoch bei in der Kindheit nicht medikamentös Behandelten insgesamt größere Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Gesunden. Ob dies auf eine fehlende pharmakologische Behandlung zurückzuführen ist, müsste in prospektiven Studien geklärt werden. In the last decade, there has been growing interest in dysfunctions of the reward system and deficits in emotion regulation in the research on attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On the neuronal level, dysfunctions in the mesolimbic reward system have been discussed, as they might be responsible for the diminished responsiveness to behavioral reinforcers. These deficits could also explain ADHD symptoms as compensatory behavior, as well as the increased risk of substance use disorders in terms of self-medication. Methylphenidate (MPH), Ritalin, enhances extracellular dopamine in the reward system. Whether MPH has a protective or a disadvantageous effect on the development of substance use disorders remains uncertain. In this dissertation, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze whether ADHD is associated with dysfunctional processing of emotional or reward-indicating stimuli. We examined adult males with ADHD as well as remitted adult males with childhood ADHD. In addition, we examined if adult males with childhood ADHD differ in motivational and emotional processes depending on their medication status during childhood (i.e., whether they had been treated with MPH for at least one year or had received no medication). Our study revealed that unmedicated males with actual ADHD, compared to healthy controls, showed a decreased activity in the ventral striatum (VS) during the anticipation of potential reward, while they showed hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex during the feedback of reward. A decreased activity in the VS, a core region of the reward system, correlated positively with ADHD symptom severity. During processing of emotional stimuli, unmedicated males with childhood ADHD who had been treated with MPH did not differ from controls. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD who had never been treated with MPH showed an altered activity of the VS and the subgenual cingulated cortex compared to controls. Even though the VS is stronger associated with reward processing rather than emotion processing, we could not find any association between MPH treatment and VS activity during processing of motivational cues. Instead, deficits in the processing of motivational cues in the VS could be observed in males with ADHD, while remitted males did not differ from healthy controls. This indicates an effect of remission status rather than of medication. A difference in motivational processes between MPH- treated and untreated males with ADHD during childhood could be found during the feedback phase of loss cues in the insula. In summary, dysfunctions in motivational and emotional processes in ADHD have been found. In adult males with childhood ADHD, the neuronal deficits of these processes seem to be at least partially connected with the actual symptom severity and less with pharmacological treatment during childhood. However, males who never received any pharmacological treatment during childhood, showed more differences in the neuronal processing of emotional and motivational stimuli compared to controls than males who were treated with MPH did. Prospective studies have to reveal whether this effect is due to the lack of pharmacological treatment.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::f5b5ef2250e6469e411093824fcf051d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::f5b5ef2250e6469e411093824fcf051d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publication2008 Germany GermanAuthors: Wenkeler, Violetta;Wenkeler, Violetta;The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a network of neurons, which are activated through execution as well as by observation of goal-directed movements. Mirror neurons seem to be involved in many processes in the field of motor learning and are used in a therapy of motor rehabilitation with stroke patients. However, to date, no study exists, which has investigated the neural activity of the MNS in age-dependent subjects.This question was investigated in the present study with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a cohort of 26 neurologically healthy volunteers ranging from 19 till 79 years old. The subjects were stimulated with video clips and pictures of transitive and intransitive movements, which they should either look at or observe and imagine this movement simultaneously. Thereby neural activity was measured as a dependent variable and was tested statistically with the subjects age dependency with regression analysis and a group comparison.Results showed bilateral activations in superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), premotor cortex (PM), supplementary motor area (SMA), inferior prefrontal cortex (iPFC), left precentral gyrus (corresponding M1), superior parietal lobe (SPL), medial temporal gyrus (corresponding MT, V5), visual areas (corresponding V1-V4) of occipital lobe (BA 17-19) and in cerebellum. These activations increased over the six conditions and were strongest with the presentation of videos with object-related hand movements and simultaneous imagination of the execution of this movement. The examination of age dependency of these activations showed an increased BOLD signal in occipital cortex corresponding to the prime visual area (V1) by the young and stronger activations in regions of occipital lobe, corresponding to higher visual areas V3 and V4, as well as in superior parietal lobe (SPL) by the elderly volunteers. However, there were no significant differences in activation in the areas belonging to the MNS (i.e. IPL, PM and iPFC) depending on age. Thus this study provides a paradigm for fMRI measuring reliable activity within the MNS. Further results of this study support the use of action observation therapy in elderly stroke patients.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______715::01abd089fa0dbec4936a9cf08d3ea998&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 156visibility views 156 download downloads 1,426 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______715::01abd089fa0dbec4936a9cf08d3ea998&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2017 Germany GermanAuthors: Becker, Juliane;Becker, Juliane;The present work highlights various requirements for neuropsychological assessment in the context of glioma patients undergoing awake craniotomy. The first study assessed the validity of the Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE) compared to already established cognitive screening instruments such as Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with intracranial tumors. For screening purposes, the MoCA turned out to be the best available tool, in clinical as well as research settings. However, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery could not be replaced by any screening tool. Beside a differentiated cognitive performance profile, a test battery in particular provides additional information on a patient’s eligibility for an awake craniotomy and information for individual composition of intraoperative tasks. The second study outlined the lack of a standardized tools for sensory-motor assessment in awake craniotomies. In consequence, the “Sensory-Motor Profile - awake“ (SPM-a) was introduced as a feasible tool for pre-, intra- and postoperative assessment. Its validation with other scales for sensory and motor assessment as well as evaluation of its reliability are goals for future multicenter studies. The case report of a highgrade glioma in a patient with a congenital absent hemisphere illustrated the large potential of the human brain for neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity can be considered as key concept in the context of awake craniotomy determining multiple medical decisions. The results of the presented studies are integrated into a comprehensive model of neuropsychological assessment for glioma patients with the goal to outline the concept of a personalized therapeutic management of these patients. Long-term objective is an improvement of the neuropsychological information supply for medical decision making, and in particular the improvement of the protocol for awake surgeries. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Anforderungen an die neuropsychologische Diagnostik bei Gliompatienten im Kontext von Wachoperationen. Die erste Studie untersuchte die Validität des Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE) im Vergleich zu den bereits etablierten kognitiven Screeninginstrumenten Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) und Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) an Patienten mit intrakraniellen Tumoren. Es zeigte sich, dass der MoCA für Screeningzwecke am besten für klinische wie auch forschungsbezogene Fragestellungen geeignet war, jedoch konnte die umfassende neuropsychologische Testbatterie von keinem der Screeninginstrumente ersetzt werden. Neben einem differenzierten kognitiven Leistungsprofil stellt eine Testbatterie zusätzliche Informationen über die Eignung eines Patienten für eine Wachoperation und Informationen für die individuelle Zusammenstellung intraoperativer Aufgaben bereit. Die zweite Studie thematisierte das Fehlen eines standardisierten Diagnostikinstrumentes für senso-motorische Funktionen speziell für Wachoperationen. Infolgedessen wurde das “Sensory-Motor Profile - awake“ (SPM-a) für die prä-, intra- und postoperative Diagnostik erstellt. Seine Validierung mit anderen Skalen wie auch die Evaluation seiner Reliabilität sind Ziele zukünftiger Multicenterstudien. Die Falldarstellung eines Glioms, bei einem Patienten mit angeboren fehlender Hemisphäre, illustrierte das große Potential des menschlichen Gehirns für neuroplastische Adaptationen. Neuroplastizität bildet im Rahmen von Wachoperationen ein Schlüsselkonzept, auf welchem weitreichende medizinische Entscheidungen basieren. Die Ergebnisse der dargestellten Studien werden in ein umfassendes Model der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik für Wachoperationen integriert, mit dem Ziel ein Konzept für das personalisierte therapeutische Management dieser Patienten vorzustellen.
MACAU: Open Access R... arrow_drop_down MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityMACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______660::c717197cb46b576819671a868e608bf1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert MACAU: Open Access R... arrow_drop_down MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityMACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: MACAU: Open Access Repository of Kiel UniversityAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od_______660::c717197cb46b576819671a868e608bf1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2006 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Hoppe, Barbara;Hoppe, Barbara;Element analytical investigations revealed differences in the selenium concentrations in the tissues of the rats. Here the brain had two distinct features: it had relatively low selenium content and, with insufficient selenium intake, the brain was preferentially supplied with the element. The results of several studies indicate that the trace element selenium in the form of selenoproteins is of essential significance for physiological processes in the CNS. It acts as a scavenger of radicals and is a component of the redox system. The sites of action of selenium in the brain are, however, not yet completely known. The aim of this work was therefore the investigation of the distribution of selenium and of the selenoprotein expression on a regional and cellular level. The results obtained for the distribution of selenium within the rat brain by means of neutron activation analysis showed only slight regional differences. With insufficient selenium supply the selenium content in all regions of the brain was reduced by only 30 %, but in the kidney and liver by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. After metabolic labeling of rats with 75Se and protein separation by SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional electrophoresis similar distribution patterns of the 75Se containing proteins were found in all regions except in the cerebellum. The expression patterns of the selenoproteins in the different cell types of the brain were investigated by labeling cultures of immortalized neurons, astrocytes, ligodendrocytes, microglia and cerebral endothelial cells with 75Se and analysis by SDS-PAGE and 2d-electrophoresis. The pattern of the selenoproteins exhibited characteristics in the case of investigated microglia and cerebral endothelial cells. An increased expression of selenium-containing proteins with molecular masses of 12.6, 10 and 9 kDa was found in the microglia. In this work a model of the blood-brain barrier was established consisting of primary astrocytes and a cell line of cerebral endothelial cells rBCEC4. In the investigation of the expression patterns of the 75Se containing proteins it was found that the expression rate of a cytosolic 15 kDa protein was strongly increased in endothelial cells which were grown in the co culture. The same effect was observed when the culture of endothelial cells was grown after adding of the conditioned medium of astrocytes. The results of the investigations carried out in this work showed that the selenium distribution and the regulation of the selenium uptake in the different regions of the brain were very similar. The same was true for the selenoprotein expression patterns in the regions and cell types of the brain. But for some selenoproteins, however, differences in their distribution were observed which provide evidences on specific sites of action and specific functions of these compounds. Elementanalytische Untersuchungen zeigten unterschiedliche Selenkonzentrationen in den Geweben der Ratte. Das Hirngewebe fiel dabei durch zwei Aspekte auf: es wies einen relativ geringen Selengehalt auf und es wurde bei ungenügender Selenaufnahme bevorzugt mit dem Element versorgt. Die Ergebnisse zahlreicher Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass das Spurenelement Selen in Form von Selenoproteinen als Radikalfänger und Komponente des Redoxsystems für die physiologischen Prozesse des ZNS von essentieller Bedeutung ist. Die lokalen Wirkorte des Selens im Gehirn sind noch nicht genau bekannt. In dieser Arbeit sollte daher die Verteilung von Selen und die Expression von Selenoproteinen auf regionaler und zellulärer Ebene untersucht werden. Die mit Hilfe der Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse erhaltenen Ergebnisse für die regionale Verteilung von Selen im Gehirn der Ratte zeigten nur geringe Unterschiede innerhalb des Hirngewebes. Bei einer Unterversorgung des Organismus mit Selen wurde der Selengehalt in allen Regionen des Gehirns nur um 30% reduziert, in der Niere und der Leber aber um eine bzw. zwei Größenordnungen. Nach metabolischer Markierung von Ratten mit 75Se und Proteintrennung durch SDS PAGE und 2D Gelelektrophorese wurden in allen Regionen mit Ausnahme des Kleinhirns ähnliche Expressionsmuster der 75Se-haltigen Proteine gefunden. Zur Untersuchung der Expressionsmuster der Selenoproteine in unterschiedlichen Zelltypen des Gehirns wurden mit Zellkulturen von immortalisierten Zellen der Neuronen, Astrocyten, Oligodendrocyten, Mikroglia und cerebralen Endothelzellen gearbeitet. Sie wurden mit 75Se markiert und proteinchemisch analysiert. Die Proteinmuster der Selenoproteine nach elektrophoretischer Trennung ergaben für die Mikroglia und die Endothelzellen Auffälligkeiten gegenüber den übrigen untersuchten Zelltypen. In den Mikroglia wurden erhöhte Expressionen der selenhaltigen Proteine bei den Massen 12, 6, 10 und 9 kDa gefunden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Modell der Blut Hirnschranke aus primären Astrocyten und einer Zell Linie von cerebralen Endothelzellen rBCEC4 etabliert. Darin wurden durch Markierung mit 75Se die Expressionsmuster der selenhaltigen Proteine untersucht. Es wurden stark erhöhte Expressionsraten von cytosolischen selenhaltigen Proteinen bei der Molekularmasse 15 kDa in den Endothelzellen gefunden, die erst durch die Co-Kultivierung induziert worden waren. Die Ergebnisse der hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Verteilung von Selen und die Regulation der Selenaufnahme in den verschiedenen Hirnregionen und auch die Muster der Selenoproteinexpression in den Hirnregionen und Hirnzelltypen sehr ähnlich sind. Für einige Selenoproteine konnten jedoch aus Unterschieden in ihrer Verteilung Hinweise auf spezifische Wirkorte erhalten werden.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2006Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::19bb142ef05053ff48c30c6ec4f4e0b5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2006Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______4732::19bb142ef05053ff48c30c6ec4f4e0b5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1990 GermanAuthors: P, Vieregge; V, Reinhardt; C, Kretschmar;P, Vieregge; V, Reinhardt; C, Kretschmar;A clinico-pathological follow-up of mentally ill patients of the Rheinische Landesklinik Düsseldorf between 1960 and 1984 revealed intracranial space-occupying processes in 47 of 1023 post mortem examinations (4.6%). 9 of the 47 cases (19%) were meningiomas. 5 patients of those clinically not diagnosed as having meningioma had signs of raised intracranial pressure at post mortem, in 4 others the meningioma was in incidental finding of presumably lacking clinical significance. 4 other meningioma patients were diagnosed while alive; 2 of them were operated on the tumor. Short- and longterm psychiatric features of meningioma patients bear many similarities with mental symptoms due to other causes in middle and old age with also similar problems in differential diagnosis. There is no raised incidence of meningioma among patients presenting psychiatrically. "Endoform" features in psychopathology are rarely encountered in meningioma patients. According to the pertinent literature an operation in due time ameliorates or abolishes predominantly psychiatric illness in about 80% of meningioma patients.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1696&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1696&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1999 GermanEv, Flerov; Vi, Stamov; Km, Tolmachev; Ae, Iumatov; Aa, Buniatian;It was the aim of this study to compare total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with balanced anaesthesia using modern short-acting anaesthetics for ENT-surgery in children regarding the influence on haemodynamics, recovery, side-effects and costs. After approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Rostock, 80 children in the age of 3 to 12 years, rectally premedicated with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg), were randomly assigned to TIVA (group 1, n = 41) and balanced anaesthesia (group 2, n = 39), respectively. TIVA was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and remifentanil (1 microgram/kg) and maintained with propofol (6 mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.2 microgram/kg/min). Controlled ventilation was performed with an air/oxygen mixture (1:1). Balanced anaesthesia was induced with the method of "single breath induction" using sevoflurane (8 Vol.%) in a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen (2:1). For maintaining balanced anaesthesia under low flow conditions, sevoflurane concentration was reduced to 1 Vol.% while the nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was kept constant. Additionally 0.1 microgram/kg/min of remifentanil was given. For controlled ventilation, the patients of both groups were primarily relaxed for intubation with mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg) under continuous monitoring using TOF-stimulation (TOF-Guard). Further relaxation was performed with doses of 0.05 mg/kg of mivacurium after relaxometric control reached T1-level20% and T2-level0. Haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure), awakening time (time until the first spontaneous movements occurred), recovery time (according to Aldrete-Score8), side-effects (sevoflurane-induced excitation and propofol-induced pain due to the injection during induction of anaesthesia, postoperative vomiting) and costs for anaesthetic agents and relaxants were registered. The investigation showed significantly higher heart rate (p0.05) and significantly lower mean arterial pressure (p0.05) during balanced anaesthesia than during TIVA. Between the two groups there were no statistically significant differences regarding awakening time, recovery time and incidence of postoperative vomiting. In the TIVA-group, pain due to injection of propofol occurred in 10 patients (24.4%) and in group 2 sevoflurane-induced excitation during induction was registered in 22 patients (56.4%). Based on our presently existing purchase prices for the drugs used, there were no significant differences between the costs for TIVA and balanced anaesthesia. We conclude that both TIVA and balanced anaesthesia performed with short-acting anaesthetics, are suitable anaesthetic methods for ENT operations in children. Because balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane led to higher heart rates, this kind of anaesthesia should be used with caution in children with heart diseases. The main advantage of both methods is their short recovery time.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 1985 Germanadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=2413537&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=2413537&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015 GermanSzczecin University Press Authors: Jarosław Grybko;Jarosław Grybko;The evolution of the universe from the first particles to human – being conscious indicates the possibility of material transduction molecules. Derived from the Big Bang, particles are suitably configured generate new nature effects: consciousness, mind and self. The source of this process is the human brain. Neurobiological substrate of these phenomena are caused due to patterns of synaptic neuronal communication. You can specify the structure, whose activity marks the effects of mental phenomena, but they can not identify with them. We do not know the cause transduction capacity of the human brain. From an evolutionary point of view of the matter they are constantly being discovered. A man and his brain are the key to this mystery.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=doajarticles::48f000bea7f400d5443f6911e30c7fb9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=doajarticles::48f000bea7f400d5443f6911e30c7fb9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2012 Germany GermanFreie Universität Berlin Authors: Grohmann, Nadiezda;Grohmann, Nadiezda;Die Aufklärung der Mechanismen der Antigenerkennung und Antigenpräsentation der antigenspezifischen CD8+ und CD4+T-Zellen im nicht-entzündeten Hirngewebe ist von Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Pathophysiologie von Autoimmunerkrankungen wie der Multiplen Sklerose. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass CD4+ und CD8+T-Zellen im Rahmen der Antigenerkennung ein unterschiedliches Migrationsverhalten im nichtentzündeten Hirngewebe aufweisen. Während die CD4+T-Zellen nach der Antigenzugabe ihre Migration unverändert fortsetzen, werden die CD8+T-Zellen unmittelbar nach der Antigenzugabe immobil und zeigen ein für Antigenerkennung typisches Verhalten. Aufgrund der Dynamik der Reaktion und mangelnder Wirkung von Brefeldin A auf das T-Zell-Verhalten nach Antigenzugabe gehen wir von einem interzellulären Peptidaustausch auf den MHC-I Molekülen aus, was die schnelle Antigenpräsentation ermöglichen würde. Die gegensätzlichen Reaktionen der CD4+ und CD8+T-Zellen auf die Antigenzugabe weisen indirekt auf die unterschiedliche MHC-I und MHC-II-Expression in nicht entzündetem Hirngewebe hin. Die Quantifizierung des neuronalen Todes zeigte einen vermehrten neuronalen Untergang im Rahmen der Interaktion von CD8+T-Zellen mit ihrem spezifischen Antigen, was die Rolle der CD8+T-Zellen in der Pathogenese der MS unterstreicht. The research of migratory behavior of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells during antigen presentation and antigen recognition is of great importance for understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this work it could be shown, that CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells migrate differently in the course of antigen-recognition in non-inflamed brain tissue. CD4+T-cells do not change their migratory behavior after encountering their specific antigen. On the contrary antigen delivery caused abrupt alteration of CD8+T-cell movement. Due to the immediate reaction of CD8+T-cells to their specific antigen and no significant change of their migratory behavior after Brefeldin A treatment we propose the intercellular peptide exchange and external loading of MHC-I molecules with antigenic peptide as a possible mechanism of antigen presentation in this study. The opposite reactions of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells to their specific antigen underline the differential expression of MHC-I and MHC- II molecules in a brain tissue. Antigen dependent interaction of cytotoxic CD8+T-cells with hippocampal cells caused increased neuronal damage, that emphasize the role of CD8+T-cells in a pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Refubium - Repositor... arrow_drop_down Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinOther literature type . 2012Data sources: Refubium - Repositorium der Freien Universität BerlinAll Research productsarrow_drop_down